CCK-4 (holecistokininski tetrapeptid, Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2; ili PTK7) je peptidni fragment izveden iz većeg peptidnog hormona holecistokinina. Za razliku od holecistokina koji ima niz uloga u gastrointestinalnom sistemu kao i u centralnom nervnom sistemu, CCK-4 deluje prvenstveno u mozgu kao stimulator anksioznosti. On pokazuje slabe GI efekte, za razliku od CCK-8 ili polipeptida pune dužine, CCK-58.
CCK-4 proizvodi jake simptome anksioznosti u malim dozama, kao što je 50 μg,[1] i često se koristi u naučnim istraživanjima za indukovanje paničnih napada s ciljem testiranja novih anksiolitika.[2][3][4][5] Pošto je on peptid, CCK-4 mora biti administriran putem injekcije. U telu se brzo razlaže, tako da ima kratkotrajno dejstvo.[6] Brojni sintetički analozi sa modifikovanim osobinama su poznati.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
↑Schunck T, Erb G, Mathis A, Gilles C, Namer IJ, Hode Y, Demaziere A, Luthringer R, Macher JP. (July 2006). „Functional magnetic resonance imaging characterization of CCK-4-induced panic attack and subsequent anticipatory anxiety”. NeuroImage31 (3): 1197–1208. DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.035. PMID16600640.
↑Eser D, Schüle C, Baghai T, Floesser A, Krebs-Brown A, Enunwa M, de la Motte S, Engel R, Kucher K, Rupprecht R. (July 2007). „Evaluation of the CCK-4 model as a challenge paradigm in a population of healthy volunteers within a proof-of-concept study”. Psychopharmacology192 (4): 479–487. DOI:10.1007/s00213-007-0738-7. PMID17318504.
↑Eser D, Leicht G, Lutz J, Wenninger S, Kirsch V, Schüle C, Karch S, Baghai T, Pogarell O, Born C, Rupprecht R, Mulert C. (December 2007). „Functional neuroanatomy of CCK-4-induced panic attacks in healthy volunteers”. Human Brain Mapping30 (2): 511–22. DOI:10.1002/hbm.20522. PMID18095276.
↑Koulischer D, Moroder L, Deschodt-Lanckman M (August 1982). „Degradation of cholecystokinin octapeptide, related fragments and analogs by human and rat plasma in vitro”. Regulatory Peptides4 (3): 127–139. DOI:10.1016/0167-0115(82)90080-5. PMID6291099.
↑Blommaert AG, Dhôtel H, Ducos B, Durieux C, Goudreau N, Bado A, Garbay C, Roques BP (February 1997). „Structure-based design of new constrained cyclic agonists of the cholecystokinin CCK-B receptor”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry40 (5): 647–58. DOI:10.1021/jm9603072. PMID9057851.
↑Bellier B, Million ME, DaNascimento S, Meudal H, Kellou S, Maigret B, Garbay C (October 2000). „Replacement of glycine with dicarbonyl and related moieties in analogues of the C-terminal pentapeptide of cholecystokinin: CCK(2) agonists displaying a novel binding mode”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry43 (20): 3614–23. DOI:10.1021/jm0000416. PMID11020275.
↑Léna I, Dh tel H, Garbay C, Daugé V (January 2001). „Involvement of D2 dopamine receptors in the opposing effects of two CCK-B agonists in a spatial recognition memory task: role of the anterior nucleus accumbens”. Psychopharmacology153 (2): 170–9. DOI:10.1007/s002130000517. PMID11205416.
↑Bellier B, Garbay C (2003). „How a single inversion of configuration leads to a reversal of the binding mode: proposal of a novel arrangement of CCK2 ligands in their receptor, and contribution to the development of peptidomimetic or non-peptide CCK2 ligands”. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry38 (7-8): 671–86. DOI:10.1016/S0223-5234(03)00112-0. PMID12932898.
↑Bellier B, Crété D, Million ME, Beslot F, Bado A, Garbay C, Daugé V (November 2004). „New CCK2 agonists confirming the heterogeneity of CCK2 receptors: characterisation of BBL454”. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology370 (5): 404–13. DOI:10.1007/s00210-004-0969-7. PMID15480577.
↑Proskuriakova TV, Bespalova ZhD, Pal'keeva ME, Petrichenko OB, Pankratova NV, Shokhonova VA, Anokhina IP (2005). „[Biological activity of cholecystokinin-(30-33) tetrapeptide analogs]” (Russian). Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia31 (2): 130–9. PMID15889786.
↑Anokhina IP, Proskuriakova TV, Bespalova ZhD, Pal'keeva ME, Shokhonova VA, Petrichenko OB (2006). „[Effect of a cholecystokinin tetrapeptide analogue on opioid reception under acute and chronic morphine administration]” (Russian). Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia32 (3): 276–83. PMID16808170.
↑Noble F (2007). „Pharmacology of CCKRs and SAR studies of peptidic analog ligands”. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry7 (12): 1173–9. DOI:10.2174/156802607780960447. PMID17584139.
↑García-López MT, González-Muñiz R, Martín-Martínez M, Herranz R (2007). „Strategies for design of non peptide CCK1R agonist/antagonist ligands”. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry7 (12): 1180–94. DOI:10.2174/156802607780960537. PMID17584140.
↑Kalindjian SB, McDonald IM (2007). „Strategies for the design of non-peptide CCK2 receptor agonist and antagonist ligand”. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry7 (12): 1195–204. DOI:10.2174/156802607780960500. PMID17584141.