Akarboza

Akarboza
(IUPAC) ime
	(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5- {[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4-dihidroksi-6-metil- 5-{[(1S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihidroksi-3- (hidroksimetil)cikloheks-2-en-1-il]amino} tetrahidro-2H-piran-2-il]oksi}-3,4-dihidroksi- 6-(hidroksimetil)tetrahidro-2H-piran-2-il]oksi}- 6-(hidroksimetil)tetrahidro-2H-piran-2,3,4-triol
Klinički podaci
Robne marke	Precose
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monografija
MedlinePlus	a696015
Identifikatori
CAS broj	56180-94-0
ATC kod	A10BF01
PubChem	444254
DrugBank	DB00284
ChemSpider	392239
UNII	T58MSI464G
KEGG	D00216
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1566
Hemijski podaci
Formula	C25H43NO18
Mol. masa	645,605 g/mol
SMILES	eMolekuli & PubHem
InChI
	InChI=1S/C25H43NO18/c1-6-11(26-8-2-7(3-27)12(30)15(33)13(8)31)14(32)19(37)24(40-6)43-22-10(5-29)42-25(20(38)17(22)35)44-21-9(4-28)41-23(39)18(36)16(21)34/h2,6,8-39H,3-5H2,1H3/t6-,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-,13+,14+,15+,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21-,22-,23-,24-,25-/m1/s1 ; Key: XUFXOAAUWZOOIT-SXARVLRPSA-N
Farmakokinetički podaci
Bioraspoloživost	Ekstremno niska
Metabolizam	Gastrointestinalni trakt
Poluvreme eliminacije	2 sata
Izlučivanje	Renalno (Manje od 2%)
Farmakoinformacioni podaci
Licenca	US FDA:link
Trudnoća	B3(AU) B(US)
Pravni status	POM (UK) ℞-only (SAD)
Način primene	Oralno

Akarboza je antidijabetesni lek koji se koristi za tretiranje tipa 2 diabetes mellitusa i, u nekim zemljama, predijabetesa. On je u prodaji na slobodno u Evropi i Kini kao Glucobay (Bajer AG), u Severnoj Americi kao Precose, i u Kanadi kao Prandase.^[6] Ovaj lek je blokator skroba. On inhibira alfa glukozidaze. Sastoji se od akarviozinske grupe sa maltozom na redukujućem terminusu.

Mehanizam dejstva[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]

Akarboza inhibira enzime (glikozidne hidrolaze) neophodne za varenje ugljenih hidrata, specifično, alfa-glukozidazne enzime u obodu tankih creva i pankreatičnu alfa-amilazu. Pankreatična alfa-amilaza hidrolizuje kompleks skroba do oligosaharida u lumenu tankih creva, dok za membranu vezane intestinalne alfa-glukozidaze hidrolizuju oligosaharide, trisaharide, i disaharides do glukoze i drugih monosaharidas. Inhibicija ovih enzimskih sistema redukuje brzinu varenja kompleksnih ugljenih hidrata. Manje glukoze se apsorbuje, jer u manjoj meri dolazi do razlaganaja oligosaharida. Kod dijabetičkih pacijenata, kratkotrajno dejstvo leka je sniženje nivoa glukoze; a dugotrajni efekat je redukcija Hb_A1c nivoa.^[7] To dovodi do sniženja od oko 10% tipičnih Hb_A1c vrednosti u studijama dijabetesa.^[8]

Reference[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]

↑ Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644610007737. edit
↑ Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1.
↑ Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846. http://www.jcheminf.com/content/2/1/3. edit
↑ Joanne Wixon, Douglas Kell (2000). „Website Review: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes — KEGG”. Yeast 17 (1): 48–55. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(200004)17:1<48::AID-YEA2>3.0.CO;2-H. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0061%28200004%2917:1%3C48::AID-YEA2%3E3.0.CO;2-H/full.
↑ Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP. (2012). „ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery”. Nucleic Acids Res 40 (Database issue): D1100-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr777. PMID 21948594. edit
↑ China’s Thirst for New Diabetes Drugs Threatens Bayer’s Lead, By Naomi Kresge, Bloomberg, November 21, 2011.
↑ Drug Therapy in Nursing, 2nd Edition.
↑ „Clinical efficacy of acarbose in diabetes mellitus: a critical review of controlled trials”. Diabetes Metab. 24 (4): 311–20. September 1998. PMID 9805641.

Vanjske veze[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]

Molimo Vas, obratite pažnju na važno upozorenje u vezi tema o zdravlju (medicini).

[1] Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644610007737. edit

[2] Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1.

[3] Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846. http://www.jcheminf.com/content/2/1/3. edit

[4] Joanne Wixon, Douglas Kell (2000). „Website Review: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes — KEGG”. Yeast 17 (1): 48–55. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(200004)17:1<48::AID-YEA2>3.0.CO;2-H. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0061%28200004%2917:1%3C48::AID-YEA2%3E3.0.CO;2-H/full.

[5] Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP. (2012). „ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery”. Nucleic Acids Res 40 (Database issue): D1100-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr777. PMID 21948594. edit

[6] China’s Thirst for New Diabetes Drugs Threatens Bayer’s Lead, By Naomi Kresge, Bloomberg, November 21, 2011.

[7] Drug Therapy in Nursing, 2nd Edition.

[8] „Clinical efficacy of acarbose in diabetes mellitus: a critical review of controlled trials”. Diabetes Metab. 24 (4): 311–20. September 1998. PMID 9805641.

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Akarboza

Mehanizam dejstva[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]

Reference[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]

Vanjske veze[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]

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