Koronavirus

Orthocoronavirinae
	SARS-CoV-2 virion
Naučna klasifikacija
Koljeno:	incertae sedis;
Red:	Nidovirales;
Porodica:	Coronaviridae;
Potporodica:	Orthocoronavirinae;
Sinonimi
	Coronavirinae;

Koronavirusi (lat. Orthocoronavirinae, Coronavirinae; također) jest grupa virusa koji uzrokuju bolesti kod sisara i ptica. Virusi kod ljudi uzrokuju disajne infekcije, poput prehlade, koje su obično blage. Rjeđi oblici, poput SARS-a, MERS-a i novog koronavirusa (koji je uzrokovao epidemiju koronavirusa u Wuhanu 2019/2020), mogu biti smrtonosni. Kod krava i svinja koronavirusi izazivaju proljev, a kod kokoši bolest gornjih disajnih puteva.

Koronavirusi su virusi iz potporodice Orthocoronavirinae, porodice Coronaviridae i reda Nidovirales.^[3]^[4] Obavijeni su jednolančanim, pozitivno usmjerenim RNA genomom i spiralno simetričnim nukleokapsidom. Veličina genoma je između 26 i 32 kilobaze – najveća za neki RNA virus. Koronavirusi su prvi put otkriveni 1960-tih.^[5]

Naziv "koronavirus" dolazi od latinske riječi corona, čije je značenje "kruna" ili "aureola", a odnosi se na karakteristični izgled virusnih čestica (viriona): imaju obod koji podsjeća na krunu ili koronu Sunca.

Evolucija

Najbliži drevni zajednički predak (NDZP) svih koronavirusa se smješta u 8000 godinu p.n.e.^[6] NDZP linija Alphakoronavirusa se smješta u 2400 p.n.e, Betakoronavirusna linija na 3300 p.n.e, Gamakoronavirusna linija na 2800 p.n.e, te Deltakoronavirusna linija na oko 3000 p.n.e.^[7] Koronavirus šišmiša i SARS-CoV razišli su se 1986.^[8]

Ljudski koronavirusi

Poznato je više ljudskih koronavirusa:

Ljudski koronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)
Ljudski koronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43)
SARS-CoV
Ljudski koronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63, koronavirus New Haven)
Ljudski koronavirus HKU1
MERS-CoV
SARS-CoV-2

Koronavirusi HCoV-229E, NL63, OC43 i HKU1 konstantno cirkulišu među ljudskom populacijom i uzrokuju respiratorne infekcije kod odraslih i djece širom svijeta.^[9]

Epidemije

Bilo je nekoliko izbijanja epidemija koronavirusa koji su imali relativno visoku stopu smrtnosti:

Epidemija	Tip virusa	Smrti
Epidemija SARS-a iz 2003	SARS-CoV	774^[10]
Epidemija MERS-a na Bliskom Istoku iz 2012	MERS	preko 400^[11]
Epidemija MERS-a u Južnoj Koreji iz 2015	MERS	36^[12]
Epidemija MERS-a iz 2018	MERS	41^[13]
Epidemija novog koronavirusa 2019/20	SARS-CoV-2	preko 3600^[14]

Izbijanje epidemije novog koronavirusa

Glavni članak: COVID-19

Izbijanje epidemije novog koranavirusa se desilo početkom decembra 2019. u glavnom gradu provincije Hubei Wuhanu, Kina.^[15] Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija je novom virusu dala privremeni naziv 2019-nCoV^[16] i proglasila je vanrednu situaciju na globalnom nivou u vezi sa širenjem novog korona virusa. Novi virus je kasnije dobio svoje službeno ime SARS-CoV-2.^[17] Nakon toga, započela je epidemija koja je zahvatila i druge dijelove Kine, a identificiraju se i slučajevi izvan Kine, u nekoliko zemalja Azije, ali i u Australiji, Evropi i Sjevernoj Americi. Prvi slučajevi u Evropi potvrđeni su u Francuskoj 24. januara 2020. godine.^[18]

Povezano

Zoonoze

Dalje čitanje

„Novel coronavirus infection: time to stay ahead of the curve”. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 19 Suppl 1: S3–4. 2013. DOI:10.26719/2013.19.supp1.S3. PMID 23888787. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2020-03-24. Pristupljeno 2020-03-13.
„Molecular biology of transmissible gastroenteritis virus”. Veterinary Microbiology 23 (1–4): 147–54. juni 1990. DOI:10.1016/0378-1135(90)90144-K. PMID 2169670.
„Engineering the transmissible gastroenteritis virus genome as an expression vector inducing lactogenic immunity”. Journal of Virology 77 (7): 4357–69. april 2003. DOI:10.1128/JVI.77.7.4357-4369.2003. PMC 150661. PMID 12634392.
„Morphology of transmissible gastroenteritis virus of pigs. A possible member of coronaviruses. Brief report”. Archiv für die Gesamte Virusforschung 29 (1): 105–8. 1970. DOI:10.1007/BF01253886. PMID 4195092.

Reference

↑ „2017.012-015S” (en) (xlsx). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). oktobar 2018. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 14. 5. 2019. Pristupljeno 24. 1. 2020.
↑ „ICTV Taxonomy history: Orthocoronavirinae” (en). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2020-01-25. Pristupljeno 24. 1. 2020.
↑ AMQ King, ur. (2011). „Family Coronaviridae”. Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier, Oxford. str. 806–828. ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6.
↑ International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (24. 8. 2010). „ICTV Master Species List 2009 – v10” (xls). Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2013-04-15. Pristupljeno 2020-03-13.
↑ „Coronavirus: Common Symptoms, Preventive Measures, & How to Diagnose It” (en-US). Caringly Yours. 28. 1. 2020. Pristupljeno 28. 1. 2020. ^{[mrtav link]}
↑ „A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses”. Journal of Virology 87 (12): 7039–45. juni 2013. DOI:10.1128/JVI.03273-12. PMC 3676139. PMID 23596293.
↑ „Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus”. Journal of Virology 86 (7): 3995–4008. april 2012. DOI:10.1128/JVI.06540-11. PMC 3302495. PMID 22278237.
↑ „Evolutionary insights into the ecology of coronaviruses”. Journal of Virology 81 (8): 4012–20. april 2007. DOI:10.1128/jvi.02605-06. PMC 1866124. PMID 17267506.
↑ „Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses”. Advances in Virus Research 100: 163–188. 2018. DOI:10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.01.001. ISBN 978-0-12-815201-0. PMID 29551135.
↑ Smith, Richard D (2006). „Responding to global infectious disease outbreaks: Lessons from SARS on the role of risk perception, communication and management”. Social Science & Medicine 63 (12): 3113–23. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.004. PMID 16978751.
↑ „Case‐control study to assess potential risk factors related to human illness caused by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)”. World Health Organization. 28. 3. 2014. Pristupljeno 24. 4. 2014.
↑ „Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Republic of Korea” (en-GB). World Health Organization. Pristupljeno 1. 12. 2016.
↑ Pandemic Epidemic Diseases news: Infectious disease outbreaks reported in the Eastern Mediterranean region in 2018 Between 12 January through 31 May 2018, the National IHR Focal Point of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reported 75 laboratory confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS_CoV), including twenty-three (23) deaths. Date www.emro.who.int, accessed 29 January 2020
↑ „Tracking coronavirus: Map, data and timeline”. BNO News. 10. 2. 2020. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 28. 1. 2020. Pristupljeno 10. 2. 2020.
↑ The Editorial Board (29. 1. 2020). „Is the World Ready for the Coronavirus? - Distrust in science and institutions could be a major problem if the outbreak worsens.”. The New York Times. Pristupljeno 30. 1. 2020.
↑ „Laboratory testing of human suspected cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection. Interim guidance, 10 January 2020”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 20. 1. 2020. Pristupljeno 14. 1. 2020.
↑ Gorbalenya, Alexander E. (11. 2. 2020). „Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group”. bioRxiv: 2020.02.07.937862. DOI:10.1101/2020.02.07.937862.
↑ „Novi koronavirus 2019-nCoV”. fmoh.gov.ba. Pristupljeno 7. 2. 2020.

Vanjske veze

Novi koronavirus (2019-nCoV) na sajtu Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije
Šta je koronavirus? Arhivirano 2020-02-27 na Wayback Machine-u – kcus.ba
MERS

[2017.012-015S-1] „2017.012-015S” (en) (xlsx). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). oktobar 2018. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 14. 5. 2019. Pristupljeno 24. 1. 2020.

[OrthocoronavirinaeICTV-2] „ICTV Taxonomy history: Orthocoronavirinae” (en). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2020-01-25. Pristupljeno 24. 1. 2020.

[groot-3] AMQ King, ur. (2011). „Family Coronaviridae”. Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier, Oxford. str. 806–828. ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6.

[4] International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (24. 8. 2010). „ICTV Master Species List 2009 – v10” (xls). Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2013-04-15. Pristupljeno 2020-03-13.

[5] „Coronavirus: Common Symptoms, Preventive Measures, & How to Diagnose It” (en-US). Caringly Yours. 28. 1. 2020. Pristupljeno 28. 1. 2020. ^{[mrtav link]}

[Wertheim2013-6] „A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses”. Journal of Virology 87 (12): 7039–45. juni 2013. DOI:10.1128/JVI.03273-12. PMC 3676139. PMID 23596293.

[Woo2012-7] „Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus”. Journal of Virology 86 (7): 3995–4008. april 2012. DOI:10.1128/JVI.06540-11. PMC 3302495. PMID 22278237.

[Vijaykrishna2007-8] „Evolutionary insights into the ecology of coronaviruses”. Journal of Virology 81 (8): 4012–20. april 2007. DOI:10.1128/jvi.02605-06. PMC 1866124. PMID 17267506.

[pmid29551135-9] „Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses”. Advances in Virus Research 100: 163–188. 2018. DOI:10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.01.001. ISBN 978-0-12-815201-0. PMID 29551135.

[PMID_16978751-10] Smith, Richard D (2006). „Responding to global infectious disease outbreaks: Lessons from SARS on the role of risk perception, communication and management”. Social Science & Medicine 63 (12): 3113–23. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.004. PMID 16978751.

[11] „Case‐control study to assess potential risk factors related to human illness caused by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)”. World Health Organization. 28. 3. 2014. Pristupljeno 24. 4. 2014.

[who-12] „Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Republic of Korea” (en-GB). World Health Organization. Pristupljeno 1. 12. 2016.

[EMedSumm-13] Pandemic Epidemic Diseases news: Infectious disease outbreaks reported in the Eastern Mediterranean region in 2018 Between 12 January through 31 May 2018, the National IHR Focal Point of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reported 75 laboratory confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS_CoV), including twenty-three (23) deaths. Date www.emro.who.int, accessed 29 January 2020

[bno1-14] „Tracking coronavirus: Map, data and timeline”. BNO News. 10. 2. 2020. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 28. 1. 2020. Pristupljeno 10. 2. 2020.

[NYT-20200129-15] The Editorial Board (29. 1. 2020). „Is the World Ready for the Coronavirus? - Distrust in science and institutions could be a major problem if the outbreak worsens.”. The New York Times. Pristupljeno 30. 1. 2020.

[WHO20200110"-16] „Laboratory testing of human suspected cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection. Interim guidance, 10 January 2020”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 20. 1. 2020. Pristupljeno 14. 1. 2020.

[:12-17] Gorbalenya, Alexander E. (11. 2. 2020). „Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group”. bioRxiv: 2020.02.07.937862. DOI:10.1101/2020.02.07.937862.

[18] „Novi koronavirus 2019-nCoV”. fmoh.gov.ba. Pristupljeno 7. 2. 2020.

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