Alois Hudal
| Alois Hudal | |
|---|---|
| Rođenje | Alois Karl Hudal 31. 5. 1885. Graz, Austro-Ugarska |
| Smrt | 19. 5. 1963. (dob: 77) Rim, Italija |
| Alma mater | Univerzitet u Grazu Collegio Teutonico |
Alois Hudal (Graz, 31. 5. 1885. – Rim, 19. 5. 1963) je austrijski katolički biskup i profesor na Bečkom univerzitetu. Poznat po svojim naklonim stavovima prema nacionalsocijalizmu, kao i pomaganju pri bjegu visokim nacističkim funkcionerima preko Italije za Južnu Ameriku. Hudal je studirao teologiju od 1904. do 1908. godine u Grazu. Promoviran u svećenika 19. jula 1908. godine, te u doktora teologije 1911. godine. Biskup je postao 1913. godine.
U saradnji sa Krunoslavom Draganovićem u razrađenom planu i uz pomoć Crvenog križa, Caritasa, te Giuseppea Sirija, nadbiskupa iz Genove, organizira bijeg za njemačke nacističke oficire, kao i za hrvatske političke emigrante i članove ustaškog pokreta. Tom su linijom izmedu ostalih pobjegli Josef Mengele, Adolf Eichmann, Hans-Ulrich Rudel, Franz Stangl i Klaus Barbie.
Literatura[uredi | uredi kod]
- Aarons, Mark; Loftus, John (1991). Unholy Trinity. New York: St. Martin's Press.
- Blet, Pierre (1997). Pius XII and the Second World War: According to the Archives of the Vatican. New York: Paulist Press.
- Chenaux, Philippe (2003). „Pacelli, Hudal et la question du nazisme 1933–1938”. Rivista di Storia della Chiesa in Italia 57 (1): 133–54. JSTOR 43050086.
- Decker, Rainer (2019). „Bischof Alois Hudal und die Judenrazzia in Rom am 16. Oktober 1943”. Römische Quartalschrift 113 (3-4): 233–55.
- Godman, Peter (2004). Hitler and the Vatican. New York: Free Press.
- Goñi, Uki (2002). The Real Odessa. How Perón Brought the Nazi War Criminals to Argentina. London, UK: Granta.
- Graham, Robert A.; Álvarez, David (1998). Nothing Sacred: Nazi Espionage against the Vatican, 1939–1945. London, UK: Frank Cass.
- Hudal, Alois (1937). Die Grundlagen des Nationalsozialismus: eine ideengeschichtliche Untersuchung. Leipzig & Vienna.
- Hudal, Alois (1976) (German). Römische Tagebücher. Lebensbeichte eines alten Bischofs [Roman Diaries. The Confession of Life of an Old Bishop]. Graz.
- Klee, Ernst (1991) (German). Persilscheine und falsche Pässe. Wie die Kirchen den Nazis halfen [Whitewash Certificates and False Passports. How the Churches Helped the Nazis]. Frankfurt: Fischer Geschichte.
- Klee, Ernst (2003). Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag.
- Kurzman, Dan (2007). A Special Mission: Hitler's Secret Plot to Seize the Vatican and Kidnap Pope Pius XII. Cambridge: Da Capo Press.
- Phayer, Michael (2000). The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
- Phayer, Michael (2008). Pius XII, the Holocaust, and the Cold War. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
- Sanfilippo, Matteo (1999). „Los papeles de Hudal como fuente para la historia de la migración de alemanes y nazis después de la segunda guerra mundial” [Hudal's papers as a source for the history of the migration of Germans and Nazis after World War II] (Spanish). Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos 43: 185–209.
- Sereny, Gitta (1974). Into that Darkness. London, UK: Deutsch.
- Stehle, Hansjakob (1981). Eastern Politics of the Vatican 1917–1979. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. ISBN 9780821403679.
- Voigt, Klaus (1989) (German). Zuflucht auf Widerruf. Exil in Italien 1933–1945 [Precarious refuge. Exile in Italy 1933–1945]. I. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
- von Pastor, Ludwig (1950). Tagebücher, Briefe Erinnerungen. Heidelberg.
- Whitlock, Greg (2003). „Alois Hudal: clero-fascist Nietzsche critic”. Nietzsche-Studien 32: 259–95. DOI:10.1515/9783110179200.259.
- Wolf, Hubert (2005). „Pius XI. und die 'Zeitirrtümer'. Die Initiativen der römischen Inquisition gegen Rassismus und Nationalismus”. Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 53 (1): 1–42.
