Wilfrid

Za ostala značenja, vidi Wilfred (razvrstavanje).

Wilfrid
Biskup Yorka
Stranica rukopisa Vita Sancti Wilfrithi iz 11. vijeka koja opisuje osnivanje Opatije Hexham
Dijeceza/eparhija	York
Stolovanje završilo	678
Prethodnik	Chad
Nasljednik	Bosa od Yorka
Redovi
Konsekracija	664
Lični detalji
Rođenje	cca. 633 Northumbrjia
Smrt	709 ili 710 Oundle, Northamptonshire
Svetost
Datum slave	12. oktobar ili 24. april
Štovanje u	Rimokatolička crkva Pravoslavna crkva Anglikanska zajednica
Atributi	(1) krštenje; (2) propovijedanje; (3) iskrcavanje iz broda i primanje od kralja
Zaštitništvo	Rimokatolička biskupija Middlesbrough Ripon
Svetišta	Ripon, Sompting (Sussex) i Frizija (Roeder).

Wilfrid (originalno Wilfrith) (cca. 633 – cca. 709) je bio engleski biskup i svetac. Rodio se u porodici nortumbrijskih plemića a kao adolescent se zaredio i studirao u Lindisfarneu, Canterburyju, Galiji, i, na kraju, u Rimu; u Nortumbriju se vratio oko 660. godine i postao opat novoosnovanog samostana u Riponu. Godine 664. je Wilfrid bio predvodnik tzv. "rimske stranke" na Saboru u Whitbyju, gdje je održao znameniti govor u prilog rimske metode računanja datuma Uskrsa. Njegov uspjeh je potakao kraljevog sina Alhfritha da ga imenuje biskupom Northumbrije. Wilfrid se odlučio posvetiti u Galiji, smatrajući da u Engleskoj nema valjano posvećenih biskupa. Dok je Wilfrid odsustvovao, Alhfrith je, po svemu sudeći, digao neuspjeli ustanak protiv svog oca Oswiua, što je njegovo imenovanje učinilo upitnim. Oswiu je stoga prije Wilfridovog povrtaka na njegovo mjesto imenovao Ceaddu, a zbog čega se Wilfrid po povratku u Northumbriju morao povući u Ripon.

Nakon što je 668. godine postao nadbiskup Canterburyja, Teodor od Tarza je spor riješio smijenivši Ceaddu i vrativši Wilfrida na mjesto biskupa Nortumbrije. Na njemu je Wilfrid ostao sljedećih devet godina, pri čemu je osnivao samostane, gradio crkve i poboljšao liturgiju. Međutim, ispostavilo se da mu je biskupija vrlo velika, te je Teodor odlučio reformirati Englesku crkvu, i to tako što je velike biskupije razbio u manje. Kada se Wilfrid posvadio sa nortumbrijskim kraljem Ecgfrithom, Teodor je iskoristio priliku da svoje reforme sprovede usprkos Wilfridovog protivljenja. Kada ga je Ecgfrith protjerao iz Yorka, Wilfrid je otputovao u Rim kako bi se požalio najvišoj crkvenoj instanci. Papa Agaton je presudio u Wilfridovu korist, ali je Ecgfrith odbio poslušati papski ukaz te je umjesto toga pri povratku uhapsio, a onda protjerao Wilfrida.

Wilfrid je proveo nekoliko sljedećih godina u Selseyju, gdje je osnovao biskupiju i preobraćao pagansko stanovništvo Sussexa na kršćanstvo. Kada su Teodor i Wilfrid izgladili svoj spor, Teodor je novog nortumbrijskog kralja Aldfritha pozvao da Wilfridu dozvoli povratak. Aldfrith je pristao, ali je 691. ponovno protjerao Wilfrida. Wilfrid je tada otišao u Merciju, gdje je pomagao misionarima i služio mercijskom kralju kao biskup. Wilfrid se zbog svojeg protjerivanja oko godine 700. požalio papi; on je odlučio da engleska crkva to pitanje riješi crkvenim sabor. Sabor je održan u Austerfieldu 702. godine, i na njemu se pokušalo zaplijeniti sve Wilfridove posjede. Wilfrid je zbog toga otputovao u Rim kako bi se žalio protiv te odluke. U međuvremenu su ga njegovi neprijatelji u Northumbriji ekskomunicirali, ali je papa opet stao na Wilfridovu stranu, te mu vratio posjed nad Riponom i Hexhamom, njegovim nortumbrijskim samostanima. Wilfrid je umro 709. ili 710. Nakon smrti je proglašen svecem.

Izvori

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Dalja literatura

• Foley, W. T. (1989). „Imitation Apostoli: St Wilfrid of York and the Andrew Script”. American Benedictine Review 40: 13–31. 
• Pelteret, David (1998). „Saint Wilfrid: Tribal Bishop, Civic Bishop or Germanic Lord?”. u: Hill, Joyce and Swan, Mary. The Community, the Family and the Saint: Patterns of Power in Early Modern Europe. Brepols. pp. 159–180. ISBN 2-503-50668-2. 
• Sims-Williams, Patrick (April 1988). „St Wilfrid and Two Charters Dated AD 676 and 680”. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 39 (2): 163–183. 
• Stancliffe, Clare (2003). Bede, Wilfrid, and the Irish. Jarrow Lecture 46. Jarrow, UK: St Paul's Church Jarrow. 
• Wood, I. N. (1995). „Northumbrians and Franks in the age of Wilfrid”. Northern History 31: 10–21. 

Vanjske veze

Wilfrid na Wikimedijinoj ostavi

• Ecclesiastical History Book V Arhivirano 2014-08-14 na Wayback Machine-u – Chapter XIX contains Wilfrid's epitaph. From the Medieval Sourcebook
• Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England entry for Wilfrid Arhivirano 2011-09-27 na Wayback Machine-u –

Rimokatoličke crkvene titule
Prethodi: Chad od Mercije	biskup Northumbrijanaca 664–678	Slijedi: Bosa
		Slijedi: Eata of Hexham
Prethodi: Cuthwine od Leicestera	biskup Leicestera 692–705	Slijedi: Headda
Prethodi: John od Beverleya	biskup Hexhama 705–709	Slijedi: Acca