Joseph Smith

Džozef Smit
Rođenje	23. decembar 1805. Šeron, SAD
Smrt	27. jun 1844. Kartidž, SAD

Džozef Smit mlađi (engleski: Joseph Smith, Jr.; Šeron, 23. decembar 1805 — Kartidž, 27. jun 1844) bio je američki verski vođa, osnivač pokreta Svetaca poslednjih dana, dominantnog ogranka mormonizma. U 24. godini, Smit je objavio Knjigu Mormona, a do svoje smrti četrnaest godina kasnije, privukao je desetine hiljada sledbenika, osnovao gradove i hramove i upostavio religiju i versku kulturu koje traju do današnjih dana.

Smit je rođen u Šeronu, Vermont. Godine 1817. preselio se sa porodicom u zapadni deo savezne države NJujork, tadašnje mesto intenzivnog verskog preporoda poznatog kao deo Drugog velikog obuđenja. Tu je, navodno, početkom 1820. video i čuo niz vizija. U prvoj od ove dve vizije, „javile“ su mu se dve ličnosti (implicira se da su to Bog Otac i Bog Sin), a u drugoj viziji anđeo Moroni je pokazao Smitu zakopanu knjigu na zlatnim pločama na kojima je ispisana judeo-hrišćanska istorija neke drevne američke civilizacije. Smit je 1830. objavio ono za šta je tvrdio da je engleski prevod ovih ploča, u knjizi pod nazivom Mormonova knjiga. Iste godine je organizovao Crkvu Hristovu, nazvavši je obnovom rane hrišćanske crkve. Pripadnici ove crkve su kasnije nazvani sveci poslednjih dana ili mormoni.

Smit i njegovi sledbenici su se 1831. preselili na zapad u želji da izgrade američki Sion. Okupili su se u Kirtlandu u Ohaju i osnovali isturenu stanicu u Independensu u Misuriju, koja je trebalo da bude „centralno mesto“ Siona. Tokom tridesetih godina 19. veka, Smit je slao misionare, objavljivao „otkrovenja“ i nadgledao izgradnju skupog hrama. Međutim, zbog propasti banke kojoj je njegova crkva bila pokrovitelj i nasilnih okršaja sa ljutim ne-mormonskim žiteljima Misurija, Smitovi snovi o gradnji Siona u Misuriju i Ohaju su propali do kraja ove decenije. Početkom četrdesetih godina 19. veka Smit je osnovao novi grad nazvan Novu u Ilinoisu, gde je bio duhovni i politički vođa. Godine 1844. Smit i gradsko veće Novua su razgnevili nemormonsko stanovništvo naredbom za uništenje štamparije u kojoj je štampan ekspoze koji je kritikovao Smitovu vlast i praksu poligamije. Nakon toga, Smit je pritvoren u zatvoru u Kartidžu u Ilinoisu, a ubijen je kada je rulja upala u zatvor.

Smit se smatra jednim od najuticajnijih, najharizmatičnijih, najinovativnijih i najkontroverznijih ličnosti u američkoj verskoj istoriji. Tokom svog života objavio je mnoga otkrića i druge tekstove koja njegovi sledbenici smatraju religioznim tekstovima. NJegovo učenje uključuje jedinstvene stavove o prirodi Boga, kosmologiji, porodičnoj strukturi, političkoj organizaciji i verskom kolektivizmu. NJegovi sledbenici ga smatraju prorokom ravnim Mojsiju i Iliji, dok ga kritičari smatraju lažnim prorokom i prevarantom. Smitova zaostavština uključuje mnoge denominacije, od kojih su najveća Crkva Isusa Hrista svetaca poslednjih dana i Zajednice Hrista.

Literatura

• Abanes, Richard (2003). One Nation Under Gods: A History of the Mormon Church. Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 1-56858-283-8 
• Allen, James B. (Autumn 1966). „The Significance of Joseph Smith's "First Vision" in Mormon Thought”. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 1 (3): 29–46 .
• Avery, V.T.; Newell, L.K. (1980). „The Lion and the Lady: Brigham Young and Emma Smith”. Utah Historical Quarterly 48 (1): 81–97. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2013-10-21. Pristupljeno 2015-05-09 .
• Bergera, Gary James, ur. (1989). Line Upon Line: Essays on Mormon Doctrine. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. ISBN 0-941214-69-9 .
• Bloom, Harold (1992). The American Religion: The Emergence of the Post-Christian Nation (1st izd.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-67997-2 .
• Brodie, Fawn M. (1971). No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith (2nd izd.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-46967-4 .
• Brooke, John L. (1994). The Refiner's Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34545-6 .
• Bushman, Richard Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 1-4000-4270-4 .
• Bushman, Richard Lyman (2008). Mormonism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-531030-6 .
• Compton, Todd (1997). In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-085-X .
• Foster, Lawrence (1981). Religion and Sexuality: The Shakers, the Mormons, and the Oneida Community. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-252-01119-1 .
• Harris, Martin (1859). „Mormonism—No. II”. Tiffany's Monthly 5 (4): 163–170 .
• Hill, Donna (1977). Joseph Smith: The first Mormon. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co.. ISBN 0-385-00804-X .
• Hill, Marvin S. (1989). Quest for Refuge: The Mormon Flight from American Pluralism. Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books. ISBN 978-0-941214-70-4 .
• Hodgins, Gordon Frank (1984). A comparison of the theology of salvation in the teachings of Martin Luther and Joseph Smith, Jr. (M.A. disertacija). Wilfrid Laurier University. 
• Howe, Eber Dudley (1834). Mormonism Unvailed: Or, A Faithful Account of that Singular Imposition and Delusion, from its Rise to the Present Time. Painesville, Ohio: Telegraph Press. OCLC 10395314 .
• Larson, Stan (1978). „The King Follett Discourse: A Newly Amalgamated Text”. BYU Studies 18 (2): 193–208. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2010-08-26. Pristupljeno 2015-05-09 .
• Mack, Solomon (1811). A Narraitve [sic] of the Life of Solomon Mack. Windsor: Solomon Mack. OCLC 15568282 .
• Marquardt, H. Michael; Walters, Wesley P (1994). Inventing Mormonism. Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-108-2 .
• Marquardt, H. Michael (1999). The Joseph Smith Revelations: Text and Commentary. Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-126-4 .
• Marquardt, H. Michael (2005). The Rise of Mormonism: 1816–1844. Grand Rapids, MI: Xulon Press. pp. 632. ISBN 1-59781-470-9 .
• Neilson, Reid Larkin; Givens, Terryl, ur. (2008). Joseph Smith Jr.: reappraisals after two centuries. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-536978-5 .
• Newell, Linda King; Avery, Valeen Tippetts (1994). Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith (2nd izd.). University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06291-4 .
• Newell, Linda King; Avery, Valeen Tippetts (1994). Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith (2nd izd.). University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06291-4 .
• Oaks, Dallin H.; Hill, Marvin S. (1975). Carthage Conspiracy: The Trial of the Accused Assassins of Joseph Smith. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-00554-6 .
• Ostling, Richard; Ostling, Joan K. (1999). Mormon America: The Power and the Promise. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-066371-5 .
• Persuitte, David (2000). Joseph Smith and the origins of the Book of Mormon. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co.. ISBN 0-7864-0826-X .
• Phelps, W.W., ur. (1833). A Book of Commandments, for the Government of the Church of Christ. Independence, Missouri: William Wines Phelps & Co.. OCLC 77918630. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2012-05-20. Pristupljeno 2015-05-09 .
• Prince, Gregory A (1995). Power From On High: The Development of Mormon Priesthood. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-071-X .
• Quinn, D. Michael (1994). The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-056-6 .
• Quinn, D. Michael (1998). Early Mormonism and the Magic World View (2nd izd.). Salt Lake City: Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-089-2 .
• Remini, Robert V. (2002). Joseph Smith: A Penguin Life. New York: Penguin Group. ISBN 0-670-03083-X .
• Roberts, B. H., ur. (1902). History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 1. Salt Lake City: Deseret News. ISBN 0-87747-688-8 .
• Roberts, B. H., ur. (1904). History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 2. Salt Lake City: Deseret News. ISBN 0-87747-688-8 .
• Roberts, B. H., ur. (1905). History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 3. Salt Lake City: Deseret News. ISBN 0-87747-688-8 .
• Roberts, B. H., ur. (1909). History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 5. Salt Lake City: Deseret News. ISBN 0-87747-688-8 .
• Roberts, B. H., ur. (1912). History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 6. Salt Lake City: Deseret News. ISBN 0-87747-688-8 .
• Shipps, Jan (1985). Mormonism: The Story of a New Religious Tradition. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01417-0 .
• Smith, George D. (1994). „Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841–46: A Preliminary Demographic Report”. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 27 (1): 1 .
• Smith, George D (2008). Nauvoo Polygamy: "... but we called it celestial marriage". Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books. ISBN 978-1-56085-201-8 .
• Smith, Joseph, Jr. (1830). The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon, Upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi. Palmyra, New York: E. B. Grandin. OCLC 768123849. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2021-04-13. Pristupljeno 2015-05-09 . See Book of Mormon.
• Smith, Joseph, Jr. (1832). „History of the Life of Joseph Smith”. u: Jessee, Dean C. Personal Writings of Joseph Smith. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book. 2002. ISBN 1-57345-787-6 .
• Smith, Joseph, Jr.; Cowdery, Oliver; Rigdon, Sidney i dr.., ur. (1835). Doctrine and Covenants of the Church of the Latter Day Saints: Carefully Selected from the Revelations of God. Kirtland, Ohio: F. G. Williams & Co. OCLC 18137804 . See Doctrine and Covenants.
• Smith, Joseph, Jr. (March 1, 1842). „Church History [Wentworth Letter”]. Times and Seasons 3 (9): 706–10 . See Wentworth letter.
• Smith, Lucy Mack (1853). Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations. Liverpool: S.W. Richards. OCLC 4922747 . See The History of Joseph Smith by His Mother
• Van Wagoner, Richard S.; Walker, Steven C. (1982). „Joseph Smith: The Gift of Seeing”. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 15 (2): 48–68 .
• Van Wagoner, Richard S. (1992). Mormon Polygamy: A History (2 izd.). Salt Lake City: Signature Books. ISBN 978-0-941214-79-7 .
• Vogel, Dan (2004). Joseph Smith: The Making of a Prophet. Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-179-1 .
• Widmer, Kurt (2000). Mormonism and the Nature of God: A Theological Evolution, 1830–1915. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-0776-7 .

Vanjske veze

• Djela čiji je autor Joseph Smith, Jr. na Projektu Gutenberg
• Official LDS page about Joseph Smith Arhivirano 2008-07-09 na Wayback Machine-u
• JosephSmithPapers.org—An LDS Church project compiling primary documents relating to Joseph Smith