Izvorni kod stranice Interleukin 8

{{PBB|geneid=3576}}
'''Interleukin 8''' ('''IL-8''') je [[citokini|citokin]] koga proizvode [[makrofag]]e i ćelije drugih tipova kao što su [[Epitelsko tkivo|epitelijalne ćelije]]. NJega isto tako sintetizuju [[Endotel|endotelijalne ćelije]], koje skladište IL-8 u njihovim skladišnim mehurima, [[Weibel-Palade tela]].<ref name="pmid9802987">{{cite journal | author = Wolff B, Burns AR, Middleton J, Rot A | title = Endothelial cell "memory" of inflammatory stimulation: human venular endothelial cells store interleukin 8 in Weibel-Palade bodies | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 188 | issue = 9 | pages = 1757–62 | year = 1998 | month = November | pmid = 9802987 | pmc = 2212526 | doi = 10.1084/jem.188.9.1757 | url =}}</ref><ref name="pmid9802986">{{cite journal | author = Utgaard JO, Jahnsen FL, Bakka A, Brandtzaeg P, Haraldsen G | title = Rapid secretion of prestored interleukin 8 from Weibel-Palade bodies of microvascular endothelial cells | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 188 | issue = 9 | pages = 1751–6 | year = 1998 | month = November | pmid = 9802986 | pmc = 2212514 | doi = 10.1084/jem.188.9.1751 | url =}}</ref> Kod ljudi, interleukin 8 je [[protein]] kodiran ''IL8'' [[gen]]om.<ref name="pmid1967588">{{cite journal | author = Modi WS, Dean M, Seuanez HN, Mukaida N, Matsushima K, O'Brien SJ | title = Monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF/IL-8) resides in a gene cluster along with several other members of the platelet factor 4 gene superfamily | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 84 | issue = 2 | pages = 185–7 | year = 1990 | month = January | pmid = 1967588 | doi = 10.1007/BF00208938| url =https://archive.org/details/sim_human-genetics_1990-01_84_2/page/185}}</ref> On se izlučuje kroz lanac biohemijskih reakcija. IL-8 je važan posrednik imunih reakcija u odgovoru urođenog imunskog sistema.<ref name="KubyImmunology6th">{{KubyImmunology6th}}</ref><ref>{{MireSluisCytokines}}</ref>

Postoji više receptora na površini membrana koji mogu da vežu IL-8. Najčešće studirani tipovi su [[G protein spregnuti receptori|G protein spregnuti]] [[serpentin]] receptori [[Interleukin 8 receptor, alfa|CXCR1]] i [[Interleukin 8 receptor, beta|CXCR2]]. Izražavanje i IL-8 afinitet je različit za ova dva receptora (CXCR1 > CXCR2). [[Toll-slični receptor]]i su receptori urođenog imunskog sistema. Ti receptori prepoznaju antigen obrasce (poput [[LPS]] kod [[gram-negativne bakterije|gram negativnih]] bakterija).

== Funkcija ==

[[Protein]] kodiran ovim genom je član [[CXC]] [[hemokin]] familije. Ovaj hemokin je jedan od glavnih posrednika inflamatornog procesa. Ovaj hemokin se izlučuje iz nekoliko ćelijskih tipova. On funkcioniše kao hemoatraktant, i one takođe potentan [[angiogeneza|angiogenetski]] faktor. IL-8 ima oblika: [[monomer]] i [[homodimer]]. Za oba oblika je nađeno da su potentni [[CXCR1]] i [[CXCR2]] pobuđivači. Dokazano je da je homodimer potentniji, međutim, [[Leucin|Leu25]] [[metilacija]] može da blokira aktivnost dimera. Za IL-8 se veruje da igra ulogu u patogenezi [[bronhiolitis]]a, rasprostranjenog oboljenja respiratornog trakta uzrokovanog viralnom infekcijom. Ovaj gen i drugih deset članova [[CXC]] hemokin genske familije formiraju hemokinski genski klaster na [[hromozom 4|hromozomu 4]].<ref name="pmid1967588"/><ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL8 interleukin 8| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3576| accessdate = }}</ref>

IL-8 primarna funkcija je indukcija [[hemotaksa|hemotakse]] u njegovim ciljnim ćelijama (npr. [[neutrofil]]nim [[granulocit]]ima). On učestvuje u neutrofilskoj seriji ćelijsko-fizioloških odgovora neophodnih za migraciju i u njihovoj ciljnoj funkciji, [[fagocitoza|fagocitozi]]. On takođe ima udela u povećanju intracelularnog [[kalcijum|Ca<sup>2+</sup>]], [[eksocitoza|eksocitozi]] (npr. oslobađanju [[histamin]]a), [[respiratorno širenje|respiratornom širenju]]. IL-8 može biti izlučen iz bilo koje ćelija sa [[Toll-slični receptor|Toll-sličnim receptorima]] u okviru urođenog imunog odgovora. Primarna funkcija IL-8 citokina je da regrutuje [[neutrofil]]e da fagocitoziraju antigen koji je pobudio antigenski obrazac toll-sličnog receptora.

== Ciljne ćelija ==

Dok su neutrofilni granulociti primarna meta za IL-8, postoji relativno širok krug ćelija ([[Endotel|endotelne ćelije]], [[makrofag]]e, [[Mastocit|mast ćelije]], [[keratinocit]]i) koje reaguju na ovaj hemokin. IL-8 [[hemoatraktantska aktivnost]] u sličnim koncentracijama kao kod kičmenjaka je pokazana i kod ''[[Tetrahymena|Tetrahymena pyriformis]]'', što ukazuje na [[filogenetika|filogenetički]] visoko konzerviranu strukturu i funkciju ovoj hemokina.<ref name="pmid9702410">{{cite journal | author = Köhidai L, Csaba G | title = Chemotaxis and chemotactic selection induced with cytokines (IL-8, RANTES and TNF-alpha) in the unicellular Tetrahymena pyriformis | journal = Cytokine | volume = 10 | issue = 7 | pages = 481–6 | year = 1998 | month = July | pmid = 9702410 | doi = 10.1006/cyto.1997.0328 | url =}}</ref>

== Klinički značaj ==

Interleukin-8 je često asociran sa inflamacijom. Na primer, bilo je objavljeno da proinflamatorni medijator [[gingivitis]]a<ref>Haake, SK, Huang, GTJ: Molecular Biology of the host-Microbe Interaction in Periodontal Diseases (Selected Topics). In Newman, Takei, Carranza, editors: ''Clinical Periodontology'', 9th Edition. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders Co. 2002. page 162.</ref> i [[psorijaza|psorijaze]].<ref name=" Psoriasis ">{{cite web |title=Psoriasis |url=http://www.ucsf.edu/dpsl/psoriasis.html |access-date=2014-05-23 |archive-date=2007-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823235422/http://www.ucsf.edu/dpsl/psoriasis.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. Činjenica da je interleukin 8 sekrecija povećana sa oksidant stresom, i obrnuto, interleukin 8 uzrokujući regrutovanje inflamatornih ćelija inducira dalje povećanje oksidantskog stresa, čini ovaj citokin ključnim parametrom u lokalizovanoj inflamaciji.<ref name="pmid10477716">{{cite journal | author = Vlahopoulos S, Boldogh I, Casola A, Brasier AR | title = Nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent induction of interleukin-8 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha: evidence for an antioxidant sensitive activating pathway distinct from nuclear translocation | journal = Blood | volume = 94 | issue = 6 | pages = 1878–89 | year = 1999 | month = September | pmid = 10477716 | doi = | url = | issn = }}</ref>

Ako trudnica ima visok nivo interleukina 8, ona ima povišen rizik induciranja [[Shizofrenija|shizofrenije]] u potomstvu.<ref name="pmid15121655">{{cite journal | author = Brown AS, Hooton J, Schaefer CA, Zhang H, Petkova E, Babulas V, Perrin M, Gorman JM, Susser ES | title = Elevated maternal interleukin-8 levels and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 161 | issue = 5 | pages = 889–95 | year = 2004 | month = May | pmid = 15121655 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.5.889 | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_2004-05_161_5/page/889}}</ref> Za visoke nivoe interleukina 8 je pokazano da umanjuju šanse za uspeh tretmana sa [[antipsihotici|antipsihotičkim]] medikacijama za shizofreniju.<ref name="pmid15291683">{{cite journal | author = Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Cao LY, Zhang PY, Wu GY, Shen YC | title = Changes in serum interleukin-2, -6, and -8 levels before and during treatment with risperidone and haloperidol: relationship to outcome in schizophrenia | journal = J Clin Psychiatry | volume = 65 | issue = 7 | pages = 940–7 | year = 2004 | month = July | pmid = 15291683 | doi =  | url = http://www.jclinpsychiatry.com/abstracts/abstracts.asp?abstract=200407/070407.htm | issn =  | access-date = 2014-05-23 | archive-date = 2013-05-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130527192623/http://www.jclinpsychiatry.com/abstracts/abstracts.asp?abstract=200407/070407.htm }}</ref>

== Nomenklatura ==

IL-8 je preimenovan u CXCL8 od strane [[Subkomitet za hemokinsku nomenklaturu|Subkomiteta za hemokinsku nomenklaturu]] koje je deo [[Internacionalna unija imunoloških udruženja|Internacionalne unije imunoloških udruženja]],<ref name="pmid12433287">{{cite journal | author = Bacon K, Baggiolini M, Broxmeyer H, Horuk R, Lindley I, Mantovani A, Maysushima K, Murphy P, Nomiyama H, Oppenheim J, Rot A, Schall T, Tsang M, Thorpe R, Van Damme J, Wadhwa M, Yoshie O, Zlotnik A, Zoon K | title = Chemokine/chemokine receptor nomenclature | journal = J. Interferon Cytokine Res. | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 1067–8 | year = 2002 | month = October | pmid = 12433287 | doi = 10.1089/107999002760624305 | url =}}</ref> mada njegovo odobreni [[Organizacija za ljudski genom|HUGO]] simbol [[gen]]a ostaje ''IL8''.

== Povezano ==
* [[IL8RA|Interleukin 8 receptor, alfa]]
* [[IL8RB|Interleukin 8 receptor, beta]]

== Reference ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Literatura ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading 
| citations = 
*{{cite journal  | author=Baggiolini M, Clark-Lewis I |title=Interleukin-8, a chemotactic and inflammatory cytokine |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=307 |issue= 1 |pages= 97–101 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1639201 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(92)80909-Z}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wahl SM, Greenwell-Wild T, Hale-Donze H, ''et al.'' |title=Permissive factors for HIV-1 infection of macrophages |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=68 |issue= 3 |pages= 303–10 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10985244 |doi=}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Starckx S, Van den Steen PE, Wuyts A, ''et al.'' |title=Neutrophil gelatinase B and chemokines in leukocytosis and stem cell mobilization |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=43 |issue= 2 |pages= 233–41 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11999552 |doi=10.1080/10428190290005982}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Smirnova MG, Kiselev SL, Gnuchev NV, ''et al.'' |title=Role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of the otitis media with effusion |journal=Eur. Cytokine Netw. |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 161–72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12101072 |doi=}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Struyf S, Proost P, Van Damme J |title=Regulation of the immune response by the interaction of chemokines and proteases |journal=Adv. Immunol. |volume=81 |issue=  |pages= 1–44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14711052 |doi=10.1016/S0065-2776(03)81001-5}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chakravorty M, Ghosh A, Choudhury A, ''et al.'' |title=Ethnic differences in allele distribution for the IL8 and IL1B genes in populations from eastern India | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_human-biology_2004-02_76_1/page/153 |journal=Hum. Biol. |volume=76 |issue= 1 |pages= 153–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15222686 |doi=10.1353/hub.2004.0016}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yuan A, Chen JJ, Yao PL, Yang PC |title=The role of interleukin-8 in cancer cells and microenvironment interaction |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=10 |issue=  |pages= 853–65 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15569594 |doi=10.2741/1579}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Copeland KF |title=Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines |journal=Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry |volume=5 |issue= 12 |pages= 1093–101 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16375755 |doi=10.2174/138955705774933383}}
}}
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== Spoljašnje veze ==
* {{MeshName|Interleukin-8}}
{{Commons category-inline|Cytokines}}
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{{PDB Galerija|geneid=3576}}
{{Interleukini}}
{{Citokini}}

[[Kategorija:Interleukini]]
[[Kategorija:Imunologija]]