Izvorni kod stranice Barbara McClintock

{{Infobox Scientist-lat
| name              = Barbara Maklintok
| image             =McClintock Nobel Lecture.jpg
| birth_date = [[16. jun]] [[1902]].
| birth_place       = [[Hartford]], [[Konektikat]] [[Sjedinjene Američke Države|SAD]]
| death_date = [[2. septembar]] [[1992]].
| death_place       = [[Huntington (Njujork)|Huntington]], [[Njujork]] SAD
| nationality       = Američka
| field             = [[Citogenetika]]
| work_institution  = [[Univerzitet Misurija]]<br />[[Kold Spring Harbor laboratorija]]
| alma_mater        = [[Kornel univerzitet]]
| doctoral_advisor  =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for         = Rad na genetičkoj strukturi [[kukuruz]]a
| prizes            = [[Nobelova nagrada za fiziologiju i medicinu]] ([[1983]])
| footnotes         =
}}

'''Barbara Maklintok''' ({{jez-engl|Barbara McClintock|el}}; [[16. jun]] [[1902]] — [[2. septembar]] [[1992]].) je dobitnik [[Nobelova nagrada|Nobelove nagrade]] za [[Nobelova nagrada za fiziologiju ili medicinu|fiziologiju ili medicinu]] [[1983]]. Ona je bila američka naučnica i jedan od najistaknutijih [[citogenetika|citogenetičara]]. Maklintok je doktorirala [[botanika|botaniku]] na [[Kornel univerzitet]]u [[1927]], gde je bila lider u razvoju citogenetike [[kukuruz]]a. To polje je ostalo u fokusu njenih istraživanja tokom ostatka karijere. Od kasnih [[1920e|1920-tih]], Maklintok je izučavala [[hromozom]]e i kako se oni menjaju tokom reprodukcije kukuruza. Njen rad je bio revolucionaran. Ona je razvila tehnike za vizuelizaciju hromozoma kukuruza i koristila mikroskopsku analizu da demonstrira mnoge fundamentalne genetičke ideje, uključujuči [[genetička rekombinacija|genetičku rekombinaciju]] putem [[krosing-over]]a tokom [[mejoza|mejoze]] — mehanizam kojim hromozomi razmenjuju informacije. Ona je proizvela prvu [[Vezani geni|genetičku mapu]] kukuruza, povezujući regione hromozoma sa fizičkim karakteristikama, i demonstrirala uloge [[telomer]]a i [[centromera]], regiona hromozoma koji su važni za konzervaciju genetičke informacije. Ona je bila priznata kao jedna od najboljih u svom polu, nagrađena prestižnim stipendijama, i izabrana za člana [[Nationalna akademija nauka SAD|Nacionalne akademije nauka]] SAD [[1944]].

Tokom [[1940e|1940-tih]] i [[1950e|1950-tih]], Maklintok je otkrila [[transpozon|transpoziciju]] i koristila je da pokaže kako su [[gen]]i odgovorni za fizičke karakteristike. Ona je razvila teorije kojima se objašnjava represija ili ekspresija genetičke informacije sa jedne generacije kukuruza na sledeću. Naišavši na skepticitam u pogledu njenih istraživanja i njihovih implikacija, ona je prestala da objavljuje svoje nalaze [[1953]]. Maklintok je bazirala svoje poglede na naučnoj osnovi umesto predrasuda.<ref>[http://www.EstherLederberg.com/Anecdotes.html Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg: Anecdotes]</ref>

Tokom kasnijeg perioda, ona je sprovela ekstenzivna ispitivanja citogenetike i [[etnobotanika|etnobotanike]] kukuruznih rasa iz Južne Amerika. Maklintokova istraživanja su bila šire prihvaćena tokom [[1960e|1960-tih]] i [[1970e|1970-tih]], kada je pokazano da mehanizmi genetičke promene i [[Regulacija genske ekspresije|regulacije]], koje je ona demonstrirala na kukuruzu 1940-tih i 1950-tih, imaju opšti značaj. Nagrade i priznanja za njen doprinos polju su usledile, uključujući Nobelovu nagradu za fiziologiju ili medicinu [[1983]]. za otkriće genetičke [[transpozon|transpozicije]]. Ona je jedina žena koja je samostalno primila ovu nagradu u toj kategoriji.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/shortfacts.html|title=Facts on the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |publisher = Nobelprize.org |accessdate = 12. 7. 2010.}}</ref>

== Reference ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Literatura ==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* Coe, Ed and Lee B. Kass. 2005. "Proof of physical exchange of genes on the chromosomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 102 (No. 19, May): 6641-6656. {{DOI|10.1073/pnas.0407340102}} {{PMID|15867161}}
* Comfort, Nathaniel C. (1999) ""The real point is control": The reception of Barbara McClintock's controlling elements". ''Journal of the History of Biology'' 32:133–62. {{PMID|11623812}}
* Comfort, Nathaniel C. (2001) ''The tangled field: Barbara McClintock's search for the patterns of genetic control''. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. {{ISBN|0-674-00456-6}}
* Kass, Lee B. 2003. "Records and recollections: A new look at Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize-Winning geneticist". ''Genetics'' 164 (August): 1251-1260.
* Kass, Lee B. 2005. "Harriet Creighton: Proud botanist". ''Plant Science Bulletin''. 51(4): 118-125. Available online, December 2005: [http://www.botany.org/PlantScienceBulletin/PSB-2005-51-4.php#HARRIET Botanical Society of America]
* Kass, Lee B. 2005. "Missouri compromise: tenure or freedom. New evidence clarifies why Barbara McClintock left Academe". Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter 79: 52-71; article without footnotes or photographs; available, online April 2005: [http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/79/05kass.htm Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717183510/http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/79/05kass.htm |date=2011-07-17 }}
* Kass, Lee B. and Christophe Bonneuil. 2004. "Mapping and seeing: Barbara McClintock and the linking of genetics and cytology in maize genetics, 1928-1935". Chapt 5, pp. 91–118, in Hans-Jörg Rheinberger and Jean-Paul Gaudilliere (eds.), ''Classical Genetic Research and its Legacy: The Mapping Cultures of 20th Century Genetics''. London: Routledge.
* Keller, Evelyn Fox (1983) ''A feeling for the organism''. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York {{ISBN|0-7167-1433-7}}
* Bogdanov, Yu. F. (2002) A life devoted to science. In "Commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Barbara McClintock". ''Russian Journal of Genetics'' 38:984–87. {{PMID|12430570}}
* Fedoroff, Nina V. (1995). Barbara McClintock. ''[http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/bmcclintock.html Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Science] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607034409/http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/bmcclintock.html |date=2011-06-07 }}''. 68:211–36.
* Fedoroff, Nina V. 2002. "The well mangled McClintock myth". ''Trends in Genetics'' 18 (7): 378-379.
* Kass, L. B. 1999. "Current list of Barbara McClintock's publications". Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter 73: 42-48. Available online, 1998: [http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/73/110kass.html Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717183735/http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/73/110kass.html |date=2011-07-17 }}
* Kass, Lee B. 2000. "McClintock, Barbara, American botanical geneticist, 1902-1992". pp. 66–69, in Plant Sciences. edited by R. Robinson. Macmillan Science Library, USA.
* Kass, L. B. 2002. "The Tangled Field, by N. Comfort". ''Isis''. 93 (4): 729-730.
* Kass, L. B., 2004. Identification of photographs for the Barbara McClintock papers on the National Library of Medicine website. Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter 78: 24-26, available online, 2003: [http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/78/04kass.html Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717183754/http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/78/04kass.html |date=2011-07-17 }}
* Kass Lee, B. 2007. Harriet B. Creighton (1909–2004), on Women Pioneers in Plant Biology, American Society of Plant Biologists website, edited by Ann Hirsch. Published online, February 2007: [http://www.aspb.org/committees/women/pioneers.cfm#Creighton American Society of Plant Biologists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031203235101/http://www.aspb.org/committees/women/pioneers.cfm#Creighton |date=2003-12-03 }}
* Kass Lee, B. 2007. Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), on Women Pioneers in Plant Biology, American Society of Plant Biologists website, Ann Hirsch editor. Published online, March 2007: [http://www.aspb.org/committees/women/pioneers.cfm#McClintock American Society of Plant Biologists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031203235101/http://www.aspb.org/committees/women/pioneers.cfm#McClintock |date=2003-12-03 }}
* Kass, L. B. and R. P. Murphy. 2003. "Will the real Maize Genetics Garden please stand up?" Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter. 77: 41-43. Available online, 2003: [http://www.maizegdb.org/mnl/77/79kass.html Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter]
* Kass, L. B and W. B. Provine. 1999 (&1998). Formerly restricted interview with Barbara McClintock, now available at Cornell University Archives. Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter. 73: 41. Available online, 1998: [http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/73/11kass.html Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717184206/http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/73/11kass.html |date=2011-07-17 }}
* Kass, Lee B. Chris Bonneuil, and Ed Coe. 2005. "Cornfests, cornfabs and cooperation: The origins and beginnings of the Maize Genetics Cooperation News Letter". ''Genetics'' 169 (April): 1787-1797. Available online, May 6, 2005: [http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/169/4/1787 Genetics Society of America]
* Murphy, R.P. and L.B. Kass. 2007. Evolution of Plant Breeding at Cornell University: A Centennial History, 1907-2006. Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, pp. 1–98, Appendices A1-A98, Photo Section P1-P38. (July 2007).
* Kass, Lee B. 2007b. Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), on Women Pioneers in Plant Biology, American Society of Plant Biologists website, Ann Hirsch editor. Published online, March 2007: http://www.aspb.org/committees/women/pioneers.cfm#McClintock {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031203235101/http://www.aspb.org/committees/women/pioneers.cfm#McClintock |date=2003-12-03 }}
* Kass, Lee B. 2007a. Harriet B. Creighton (1909–2004), on Women Pioneers in Plant Biology, American Society of Plant Biologists website, Ann Hirsch editor. Published online, February 2007: http://www.aspb.org/committees/women/pioneers.cfm#Creighton {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031203235101/http://www.aspb.org/committees/women/pioneers.cfm#Creighton |date=2003-12-03 }}
* Kass, Lee B. and E. Cobb. 2007. Landmarks and milestones in American plant biology, the Cornell connection. Plant Science Bulletin 53(3, fall): 90-101). Available online, Sept 2007: http://www.botany.org/plantsciencebulletin/psb-2007-53-3.pdf
* Kass, L. B. 2009. Barbara McClintock’s contributions to Biological Abstracts: Another Cornell connection. Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter 83: 20-21. http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/83/pdf%20files/20Kass.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717184321/http://www.agron.missouri.edu/mnl/83/pdf%20files/20Kass.pdf |date=2011-07-17 }} [issued Nov 1, 2009]
* Kass, L. B. and Chomet, P. 2009. Barbara McClintock, Pgs. 17-52, in J. Bennetzen and S. Hake, Editors, Handbook of Maize: Genetics and Genomics. Springer.
* Jones, R.N. 2005. "McClintock's controlling elements: the full story". ''Cytogenetics Research'' 109:90–103 {{PMID|15753564}}
* Lamberts, William J. (2000) "McClintock, Barbara". ''American National Biography Online''. Oxford University Press
* McClintock, Barbara. (1987). ''The discovery and characterization of transposable elements: the collected papers of Barbara *McClintock'', ed John A. Moore. Garland Publishing, Inc., {{ISBN|0-8240-1391-3}}.
* Nina Fedoroff and Botstein, David (1993) ''The Dynamic Genome: Barbara McClintock's Ideas in the Century of Genetics.'' Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York. {{ISBN|0-87969-396-7}}
* [http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Collection/CID/LL The Barbara McClintock Papers] - Profiles in Science, National Library of Medicine.
* [http://www.amphilsoc.org/mole/view?docId=ead/Mss.Ms.Coll.79-ead.xml;query=;brand=default Barbara McClintock Papers, 1927-1991] at the American Philosophical Society
{{refend}}

== Spoljašnje veze ==
{{Commonscat|Barbara McClintock}}
* [http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/ Zvanični sajt Luis Gros Horvitc nagrade]
* [http://library.cshl.edu/archives/archives/bmcbio.htm Arhivi Kold Spring Harbor laboratorije]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927171607/http://library.cshl.edu/archives/archives/bmcbio.htm |date=2011-09-27 }}

{{Nobelova nagrada za fiziologiju ili medicinu}}
{{Normativna kontrola}}

{{Lifetime|1902|1992|McClintock, Barbara}}

[[Kategorija:Američki genetičari]]
[[Kategorija:Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziologiju ili medicinu]]