Korisnik:Antidiskriminator/Za prevođenje/Pavle Kastriot

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Pavle Kastriot
Gospodar Sinje i Donje Gardi
Segnior de Signa et de Gardi-ipostesi
1383—1407
PrethodnikKephale Kastrioti
HereditaryGjon Kastrioti
Plemićka porodicaKastrioti family
Zanimanjeplemić

Pavle Kastriot je u 14. i početkom 15. veka bio plemić na teritoriji koja danas pripada Albaniji. Između 1383. i 1407. je kontrolisao sela Sinje i Donje Gardi koja su se nalazila u regionu Debra.

Pal Kastrioti
Lord of Sina and Lower Gardi
Segnior de Signa et de Gardi-ipostesi
1383—1407
PrethodnikKephale Kastrioti
HereditaryGjon Kastrioti
Titule i nazivi
Segnior
Plemićka porodicaKastrioti family
OtacKephale Kastrioti
ZanimanjeFeudal lord

Pal Kastrioti (srp. Павле Кастриот)[1] was a noble man in Albania in 14th century. Since around 1383 he controlled two villages (Sina and Lower Gardi). His father was a kephale of Kanina which belonged to the Principality of Valona. Pal had three sons: Konstantin, Aleksa and Gjon Kastrioti who was Skanderbeg's father.

Family[uredi | uredi kod]

Pal's father, the first member of the Kastrioti family mentioned in historical documents[2], was a kephale of Kanina in 1368.[3][4][5] He was kephale[6] or castellan of Kanina castle which belonged to the court of Serbian prince of the Principality of Valona.[7][8] It is assumed that Pal's father received his estates in Albania from Serbian Emperor Dušan after he captured Berat, Valona and Kanina in 1345.[9] It seems there is a scientific consensus that kephale Kastrioti, Skanderbeg's great-grandfather and the earliest known ancestor of Skanderbeg, was of Serbian origin[10].

Pal Kastrioti had three sons: Konstantin[A], Aleksa and Gjon Kastrioti[11][12] who was Skanderbeg's father.[13][14] Aleksa Kastrioti controlled three villages.[15] Konstantin Kastrioti was protovestiar of Sina (Serina) near Durrazo.[16] According to Venetian document discovered by Karl Hopf his title was Lord of Cerüja castle (latinski: dominus Serinae).[17]

Gjon Kastrioti was most famous of three brothers. Like many other noblemen from Albania, he became an Ottoman vassal since 1385.[18] Together with other Ottoman vassals from Albania he supported Bayezid I in the Battle of Ankara in 1402.[19] Between 1432 and 1436 Gjon Kastrioti joined an unsuccessful uprising against the Ottoman Empire led by Gjergj Arianiti.[20]

Territory[uredi | uredi kod]

At the end of 14th century Pal had the title "segnior de Signa et de Gardi-ipostesi" (Sina (albanski: Sinë) and Lower Gardi (albanski: Gardhi i Poshtëm)) because he ruled over those two villages.[21][22] The name of Lower Gardi is derived from Grad, a version of the Slavic word meaning town, city or castle.[23] According to some sources the villages he governed were located on the mountain of Qidhna northwest of Debar.[24] Those two villages Balša II (the lord of Zeta) granted to Pal Kastrioti around 1383 as a fief.[25] With decline of Balšić's power began the empowering of Kastrioti who went to the Drin valley near Debar.[26] Gjon Kastrioti managed to expand the territory of Kastrioti's domain comprising of a couple of villages in the region of Debar by capturing the region of Mat.[27] After he died in 1437[28] the territory controlled by him was annexed by Ottoman Empire and for a while surveyed in its registers as the land of Yuvan-ili (Yuvan was Gjon's name on Turkish language).[29] One part of Gjon Kastrioti's domain comprising of nine villages was awarded to Skanderbeg as his timar until in May 1438 those nine villages had been awarded to André Karlo.[30]

Notes[uredi | uredi kod]

Footnotes[uredi | uredi kod]

    Šablon:Cnote2 Šablon:Cnote2 End

    Citations[uredi | uredi kod]

    1. ↑ Dialogue, Volume 5, Issues 17-20. Dijalog. 1996. str. 77. Pristupljeno 27 March 2012. »Njegov sin Pavle, gospodar od Sinje, imao je tri sina: Konstantina, Aleksu i Ivana.... Ivan Kastriota, otac Skenderbegov, ozenio se Voislavom koja je« 
    2. ↑ Buda, Aleks (2002), Shkrime historike, 3, Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese 8 Nëntori, p. 239, ISBN 9789992716519, OCLC 163395350, »Dokumentet përmendin për herë të parë një Kastriot në vitin 1368 si kështjellar ose kefali në Kaninë të Vlorës.« 
    3. ↑ Hopf 1873: str. 533

      Paolo, segneur de Signa et de Gardi-ipostesi ... Branilo, d'origine Serbe, gouverneur de Canina 1368
    4. ↑ Dialogue, Volume 5, Issues 17-20. Dijalog. 1996. str. 77. Pristupljeno 27 March 2012. »Njegov pradeda Branilo spominje se 1368. kao upravitelj Kanine« 
    5. ↑ Šufflay 2000: str. 148

      Njegov potomak, Ivan, "gospodin Ivan" u srpskim poveljama, "Ivan Castrioth" u mletačkim spomenicima...
    6. ↑ Blagojević, Miloš (1997) (Serbian), Državna uprava u srpskim srednjovekovnim zemljama, Belgrade: Službeni list SRJ, p. 265, ISBN 9788635503714, OCLC 39897429, »...Дубровнику 1368..кефалија канински Кастриот« 
    7. ↑ Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2001), „Die Albanische Adelsgeschlechter in Byzantinisch - serbische tradition”, Das venezianische Albanien (1392-1479), München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München, p. 185, ISBN 3-486-56569--9, »und die Kastriota, die erstmals am Hof der serbischen Fürsten von Valona hervortraten« 
    8. ↑ Noli, Fan Stilian (1947), George Castrioti Scanderbeg (1405–1468), International Universities Press, p. 59, OCLC 732882, »Kastrioti kështjellar i Kaninës« 
    9. ↑ Dialogue, Volume 5, Issues 17-20. Dijalog. 1996. Pristupljeno 27 March 2012. »Pretpostavlja se da je svoje posede u Albaniji dobio od cara Dušana pošto je ovaj 1345. godine osvojio gradove Berat, Valonu i Kaninu« 
    10. ↑ Babinger 1976: str. 333

      Branilo Kastriota UrGroßvater Skander-Beg's ist der älteste, uns wenigstens dem Namen nach be kannte Vorfahre des Volkshelden und, wie sich die Forscher einig zu sein scheinen serbischer Herkunft,...
    11. ↑ Šufflay 2000: str. 148

      Njegov potomak, Ivan, "gospodin Ivan" u srpskim poveljama, "Ivan Castrioth" u mletačkim spomenicima...
    12. ↑ Muzaka, Gjon (1873) [1515], Karl Hopf, ur., Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi. Per Giovanni Musachi, despoto d'Epiro, Berlin, »You should know that the grandfather of Lord Scanderbeg was called Lord Paul Castriota. He ruled over no more than two villages, called Signa (Sina) and Gardi Ipostesi. To this Lord Paul was born Lord John Castriota who became Lord of Mat. And to him was born Lord Scanderbeg. The mother of the said Lord Scanderbeg, i.e. the wife of the said Lord John, was called Lady Voisava Tribalda who was of a noble family.« 
    13. ↑ Dialogue, Volume 5, Issues 17-20. Dijalog. 1996. str. 77. Pristupljeno 27 March 2012. »Njegov sin Pavle, gospodar od Sinje, imao je tri sina: Konstantina, Aleksu i Ivana... Ivan Kastriota, otac Skenderbegov, ozenio se Voislavom koja je« 
    14. ↑ Hopf 1873: str. 533

      Constantino, Alessio, Giovanni
    15. ↑ Friedrich Johann Hopf, Carl Hermann (1960) [1873] (German), Geschichte Griechenlands vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis auf unsere Zeit, II, B. Franklin, p. 97, OCLC 418936, »... Alexios Kastriota, der über drei Ortschaften gebot,...« 
    16. ↑ Friedrich Johann Hopf, Carl Hermann (1960) [1873] (German), Geschichte Griechenlands vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis auf unsere Zeit, II, B. Franklin, p. 94, OCLC 418936, »... Auch KonstantinoS Kastriota, der den Titel Protovestiar führte und Serina unweit Durazzo ...« 
    17. ↑ von Hahn;, Johann Georg (1867) Reise durch die Gebiete des Drin und Wardar : im Auftrage der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften unternommen im Jahre 1863 Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien p. 23 OCLC 220497422 »Professor Hopf fand nämlich eine venetianische Urkunde, in welcher Constantin Kastriota, Skanderbegs Grossvater, „dominus Serinae" genannt wird.« 
    18. ↑ Povijesno društvo Hrvatske (1989) (Croatian). Historijski zbornik, Volumes 41-42. Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Hrvatske. str. 24. ISBN 1752136. Pristupljeno 20 April 2012. »dok je tesalski car Anđeli postao vazal još 1386. godine.2* Osmanski vazali bili su tada i... kao i albanska vlastela Dimitrije Jonima, Koja Zakarija, Ivan Kastriot i Tanuš Veliki Dukađin.« 
    19. ↑ The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest Author: John Van Antwerp Fine, Edition reprint, illustrated Publisher: University of Michigan Press, 1994 ISBN 0-472-08260-4, 9780472082605 p. 422 "Albanian vassals of the Ottomans — Koja Zakarija, Demetrius Jonima, John Castriot, and probably Tanush Major Dukagjin"
    20. ↑ Pipa, Arshi (1984). Studies on Kosova. East European Monographs. str. 14. ISBN 9780880330473. Pristupljeno 4 May 2012. »Gjon Kas- trioti could not avoid participating in the great Albanian revolt of 1432- 1436« 
    21. ↑ Hopf 1873: str. 533

      Paolo, segneur de Signa et de Gardi-ipostesi
    22. ↑ Buda, Aleks (2002), Shkrime historike, 3, Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese 8 Nëntori, p. 239, ISBN 9789992716519, OCLC 163395350, »Në fund të shek. XIV Pal Kastrioti kishte këtu dy fshatra. Sinjën dhe Gardhin e Poshtëm.« 
    23. ↑ von Hahn;, Johann Georg (1867) Reise durch die Gebiete des Drin und Wardar : im Auftrage der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften unternommen im Jahre 1863 Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien p. 23 OCLC 220497422 »Gardi i poschtere, dh Unter-Gardi‚ war dagegen nicht zu erfragen: da aber Gardi und das oft wiederkehrende Gardiki nur Versetzung des slavischen „Grad“ (Festung) zu sein scheint, so spricht wohl alle Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür,« 
    24. ↑ (French) Recherches albanologiques: Série historique, Volume 12. Priština: Albanološki institut u Prištini. 1982. str. 67. Pristupljeno 27 March 2012. »Le grand-pére de Scanderbeg s'appelait Pal Kastrioti, qui au cours de la Ile moitié du XlVe siècle était un petit féodal-maître de Sina et de Gardhi i Poshtëm. Ces deux villages se trouvent à la montagne de Qidhna dans le nord-ouest de Dibra.« 
    25. ↑ Šufflay 2000: str. 148

      Od Balše II (oko 1383.g.) dobio je on u leno dva sela u srednjoj Albaniji na Matu.
    26. ↑ Buda, Aleks (2002), Shkrime historike, 3, Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese 8 Nëntori, p. 239, ISBN 9789992716519, OCLC 163395350, »Me rënien e Balshajve fillon fuqizimi i Kastriotëve.« 
    27. ↑ Bartl, Peter (2001) [1995] (Serbian), Albanci : od srednjeg veka do danas, translated by Ljubinka Milenković, Belgrade: Clio, p. 40, ISBN 9788671020176, OCLC 51036121, pristupljeno 1 February 2012, »Његов деда поседовао је неколико села у области Дебра. Отац је проширио породично имање на област Мати« 
    28. ↑ History of the Albanian people 2002 edition from the Academy of Sciences of Albania Tome I, p. 335
    29. ↑ İnalcık 1995: str. 77

      Ces neuf villages, toujours selon le registre en question, étaient situés dans les terres de Jean (Yuvan-ili), c'est-à-dire qu'ils appartenaient aux domaines de Jean Kastriote, le père de Skanderbeg. ( These nine villages, according to the register in question, were located in the land of John (Yuvan-ili), that is to say they were part of John Kastrioti's property.)
    30. ↑ İnalcık 1995: str. 77

      La note en question, datée 1438, ne laisse subsister aucun doute que c'est autour de cette date que ces terres avaient été cadastrées. Les neuf villages en question, compte tenu qu'ils se trouvaient sur le Registre de Yuvan-ili (Jean Kastriote), sont du domaine du père de Skanderbeg. L'octroi de ces villages à André Karlo doit avoir fâché Skanderbeg. Quoique l'Etat ottoman considérât ces terres des domaines d'Etat attribuables en timar, pour Skanderbeg il s'agissait des domaines seigneuriaux de son père. (The note, dated 1438, leaves no doubt that it is around this date that the land had been surveyed and registered. As the nine villages were listed on the Register of Yuvan-ili (John Kastrioti), they were definitely part of Skanderbeg's father's land. The granting of these villages to André Karlo must have upset Skanderbeg. Although the Ottoman state regarded these as areas of state land as Skanderbeg's Timar holding, these were in fact the fiefs of his father.)

    References[uredi | uredi kod]

    Further reading[uredi | uredi kod]

    Antidiskriminator/Za prevođenje/Pavle Kastriot
    Kraljevske titule
    Prethodi:
    unknown     		Lord of Sina and Lower Gardi
    1383 – 1407     		Slijedi:
    Gjon Kastrioti


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