Silicijumska dolina

San Jose, najveći grad Silicijske doline

Silicijska dolina (engl. Silicon Valley) naziv je doline smještene u južnome dijelu Zaljevskog područja San Francisca u sjevernoj Kaliforniji. Naziv "Silicijska dolina" nastao je zbog velikog broja tvrtki visoke tehnologije u regiji, a dolazi od kemijskog elementa silicija koji je osnova za izradu čipova. Danas je Silicijska dolina područje s najvišom koncentracijom važnih visokotehnoloških (hi-tech) tvrtki u svijetu, te su neke od svjetski najpoznatijih tvrtki smještene upravo ovdje. Komparativne prednosti doline su velik broj visokoobrazovanih inženjera, inovatora i ulagača u razvoj novih proizvoda.

Naziv[uredi - уреди | uredi izvor]

Naziv "Silicijska dolina" skovao je Ralph Vaerst, poduzetnik iz središnje Kalifornije. Prvi put ga je u tjedniku Electronic News objavio novinar Don Hoefler, Vaerstov prijatelj, 11. siječnja 1971. u seriji članaka pod nazivom "Silicon Valley USA,". Pojam "Silicijski" odnosi se na već tada veliku koncentraciju tvrtki koje se bave poluvodičima i računalima. Te su tvrtke polako zamjenjivale voćnjake koji su bili na tom području i zbog kojeg se nekad nazivalo Valley of Heart's Delight ("dolina radosti srca").

Poznate tvrtke[uredi - уреди | uredi izvor]

Sjedište tvrtke Google u Mountain Viewu

Tisuće tvrtki ima svoje sjedište u Silicijskoj dolini, a mnoge od njih su na listi najbogatijih. Najpoznatije tvrtke su:

3Com (sjedište u Marlboroughu, Massachusetts)
Actel
Actuate Corporation
Adaptec
Aeria Games and Entertainment
Amdahl
Antibody Solutions
Aricent
Asus
Atari
Atmel
Broadcom
BEA Systems (preuzeo Oracle Corporation)
Cypress Semiconductor
EMC Corporation (sjedište u Hopkintonu, Massachusetts)
Facebook
Fairchild Semiconductor
Force10
Foundry Networks
Fujitsu (sjedište u Tokiju)
Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
IBM Almaden Research Center
Logitech
Maxtor
McAfee
Memorex (preuzeo Imation i premjestio u Cerritos)
Micron Technology (sjedište u Boiseu, Idaho)
Microsoft (sjedište u Redmondu, Washington)
Netflix
Netscape (preuzeo AOL)
NeXT Computer, Inc. (preuzeo Apple)
Opera Software
OPPO
Palm, Inc.
PalmSource, Inc. (preuzeo ACCESS)
PayPal (sada dio eBaya)
PlayPhone
Rambus
RSA(preuzeo EMC)
Redback Networks (preuzeo Ericsson)
SAP AG (sjedište u njemačkom Walldorfu)
Siemens (sjedište u Berlinu i Münchenu)
Silicon Graphics
Silicon Image
Solectron (preuzeo Flextronics)
Sony
SRI International
SunPower
Tesla Motors
Tellme Networks (preuzeo Microsoft)
TiVo
VA Software (Slashdot)
WebEx (preuzeo Cisco Systems)
Western Digital
VeriSign
Veritas Software (preuzeo Symantec)
VMware (preuzeo EMC)
Xilinx
YouTube (preuzeo Google)
Zoran Corporation

Fakulteti[uredi - уреди | uredi izvor]

Gradovi[uredi - уреди | uredi izvor]

Pogled na Silicijsku dolinu u smjeru zapada iz Alum Rock parka pored San Josea. S lijeva na desno (od juga prema sjeveru): Mountain View, Sunnyvale, Palo Alto itd. Na desnom kraju slike vidi se dio Zaljeva San Francisco.

Brojni se gradovi nalaze u Silicijskoj dolini:

Gradovi povezani s regijom:

East Palo Alto (okrug San Mateo)
Foster City
Fremont (okrug Alameda)
Menlo Park (okrug San Mateo)
Newark (okrug Alameda)
Redwood City (okrug San Mateo, u njemu sjedište imaju tvrtke Oracle, Electronic Arts i PDI/DreamWorks)
Santa Cruz

Galerija[uredi - уреди | uredi izvor]

Silicijumska dolina
Adobe Systems
Apple Inc.
eBay
Google
Sedište Intela
Oracle
Yahoo!

Literatura[uredi - уреди | uredi izvor]

Bronson, Po (2013). The Nudist On The Lateshift: and Other Tales of Silicon Valley. Random House. ISBN 9781448189649. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pws7-7bGU5wC.
Cringely, Robert X. (1996). Accidental Empires: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't get a date. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780887308550. https://books.google.com/books?id=kaJZkwhVRYEC.
English-Lueck, June Anne (2002). Cultures@Silicon Valley. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804744294. https://books.google.com/books?id=UsO3GpIay7YC.
Hayes, Dennis (1990). Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era. Black Rose Books. ISBN 9780921689621. https://books.google.com/books?id=HPlSVxG1XVEC.
Kaplan, David A. (2000). The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780688179069. https://books.google.com/books?id=3-W0KCrNNQoC.
Koepp, Rob. Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's Silicon Fen. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470855669. https://books.google.com/books?id=jhH_zABrKDUC.
Lécuyer, Christophe Lécuyer (2006). Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930-1970. Chemical Heritage Foundation. ISBN 9780262122818. https://books.google.com/books?id=5TgKinNy5p8C.
Levy, Steven (2014). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 9781449388393. https://books.google.com/books?id=pOU-BAAAQBAJ.
O'Mara, Margaret Pugh (2015). Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400866885. https://books.google.com/books?id=nYcVBgAAQBAJ.
Pellow, David N; Park, Lisa Sun-Hee (2002). The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-tech Global Economy. New York University Press. ISBN 9780814767108. https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4TI-niBdGkC.
Saxenian, AnnaLee (1996). Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674753402. https://books.google.com/books?id=gnh2Rb1rcMIC.
Scoville, Thomas (2001). Silicon Follies (Fiction). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743419451. https://books.google.com/books?id=B6TuoqQssYcC.
Whiteley, Carol; McLaughlin, John (2002). Technology, Entrepreneurs and Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley Historical Association. ISBN 0964921715. http://www.siliconvalleyhistorical.org/technology-entrepreneurs-and-silicon-valley-book.

Journals and newspapers

Kantor, Jodi (December 23, 2014). "A Brand New World In Which Men Ruled". New York Times.
Koenig, Neil (February 9, 2014). "Next Silicon Valleys: How did California get it so right?". BBC News.
Malone, Michael S. (January 30, 2015). "The Purpose of Silicon Valley". MIT Technology Review.
Norr, Henry (December 27, 1999). "Growth of a Silicon Empire". San Francisco Chronicle.
Palmer, Barbara (February 4, 2004). "Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond". Stanford Report.
Schulz, Thomas (March 4, 2015). "Tomorrowland: How Silicon Valley Shapes Our Future". Der Spiegel.
Sturgeon, Timothy J. (December 2000). "Chapter Two: How Silicon Valley Came to Be" (PDF). Industrial Performance Center (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
Williams, James C. (December 2013). "From White Gold to Silicon Chips: Hydraulic Technology, Electric Power and Silicon Valley". Social Science Information (Abstract) (Sage Publications) 52 (4): 558–574. (Subscription required for full text.)

Audiovisual

Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012.
"A Weekend in Silicon Valley". New York Times (Slideshow). August 27, 2010.
Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012.

Vanjske veze[uredi - уреди | uredi izvor]

Silicijska dolina
Povijest
Santa Clara County: California's Historic Silicon Valley — A National Park Service website
Silicon Valley — An American Experience documentary broadcast in 2013
Silicon Valley Cultures Project na Wayback Machine (arhivirano 20. decembra 2007.) from San Jose State University
Silicon Valley Historical Association
The Birth of Silicon Valley