Silicijumska dolina
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Silicijska dolina (engl. Silicon Valley) naziv je doline smještene u južnome dijelu Zaljevskog područja San Francisca u sjevernoj Kaliforniji. Naziv "Silicijska dolina" nastao je zbog velikog broja tvrtki visoke tehnologije u regiji, a dolazi od kemijskog elementa silicija koji je osnova za izradu čipova. Danas je Silicijska dolina područje s najvišom koncentracijom važnih visokotehnoloških (hi-tech) tvrtki u svijetu, te su neke od svjetski najpoznatijih tvrtki smještene upravo ovdje. Komparativne prednosti doline su velik broj visokoobrazovanih inženjera, inovatora i ulagača u razvoj novih proizvoda.
Naziv[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]
Naziv "Silicijska dolina" skovao je Ralph Vaerst, poduzetnik iz središnje Kalifornije. Prvi put ga je u tjedniku Electronic News objavio novinar Don Hoefler, Vaerstov prijatelj, 11. siječnja 1971. u seriji članaka pod nazivom "Silicon Valley USA,". Pojam "Silicijski" odnosi se na već tada veliku koncentraciju tvrtki koje se bave poluvodičima i računalima. Te su tvrtke polako zamjenjivale voćnjake koji su bili na tom području i zbog kojeg se nekad nazivalo Valley of Heart's Delight ("dolina radosti srca").
Poznate tvrtke[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]
Tisuće tvrtki ima svoje sjedište u Silicijskoj dolini, a mnoge od njih su na listi najbogatijih. Najpoznatije tvrtke su:
- Adobe Systems
- Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
- Agilent Technologies
- Apple Inc.
- Applied Materials
- Business Objects
- Cisco Systems
- eBay
- Hewlett-Packard
- Intel
- Intuit
- Juniper Networks
- LSI Logic
- National Semiconductor
- NetApp
- Nvidia
- Oracle Corporation
- SanDisk
- Sun Microsystems
- Symantec
- Yahoo!
- 3Com (sjedište u Marlboroughu, Massachusetts)
- Actel
- Actuate Corporation
- Adaptec
- Aeria Games and Entertainment
- Amdahl
- Antibody Solutions
- Aricent
- Asus
- Atari
- Atmel
- Broadcom
- BEA Systems (preuzeo Oracle Corporation)
- Cypress Semiconductor
- EMC Corporation (sjedište u Hopkintonu, Massachusetts)
- Fairchild Semiconductor
- Force10
- Foundry Networks
- Fujitsu (sjedište u Tokiju)
- Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
- IBM Almaden Research Center
- Logitech
- Maxtor
- McAfee
- Memorex (preuzeo Imation i premjestio u Cerritos)
- Micron Technology (sjedište u Boiseu, Idaho)
- Microsoft (sjedište u Redmondu, Washington)
- Netflix
- Netscape (preuzeo AOL)
- NeXT Computer, Inc. (preuzeo Apple)
- Opera Software
- OPPO
- Palm, Inc.
- PalmSource, Inc. (preuzeo ACCESS)
- PayPal (sada dio eBaya)
- PlayPhone
- Rambus
- RSA(preuzeo EMC)
- Redback Networks (preuzeo Ericsson)
- SAP AG (sjedište u njemačkom Walldorfu)
- Siemens (sjedište u Berlinu i Münchenu)
- Silicon Graphics
- Silicon Image
- Solectron (preuzeo Flextronics)
- Sony
- SRI International
- SunPower
- Tesla Motors
- Tellme Networks (preuzeo Microsoft)
- TiVo
- VA Software (Slashdot)
- WebEx (preuzeo Cisco Systems)
- Western Digital
- VeriSign
- Veritas Software (preuzeo Symantec)
- VMware (preuzeo EMC)
- Xilinx
- YouTube (preuzeo Google)
- Zoran Corporation
Fakulteti[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]
Gradovi[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]
Pogled na Silicijsku dolinu u smjeru zapada iz Alum Rock parka pored San Josea. S lijeva na desno (od juga prema sjeveru): Mountain View, Sunnyvale, Palo Alto itd. Na desnom kraju slike vidi se dio Zaljeva San Francisco.
Brojni se gradovi nalaze u Silicijskoj dolini:
Gradovi povezani s regijom:
- East Palo Alto (okrug San Mateo)
- Foster City
- Fremont (okrug Alameda)
- Menlo Park (okrug San Mateo)
- Newark (okrug Alameda)
- Redwood City (okrug San Mateo, u njemu sjedište imaju tvrtke Oracle, Electronic Arts i PDI/DreamWorks)
- Santa Cruz
Galerija[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]
Silicijumska dolina
Adobe Systems
Apple Inc.
eBay
Google
Sedište Intela
Oracle
Yahoo!
Literatura[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]
- Bronson, Po (2013). The Nudist On The Lateshift: and Other Tales of Silicon Valley. Random House. ISBN 9781448189649. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pws7-7bGU5wC.
- Cringely, Robert X. (1996). Accidental Empires: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't get a date. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780887308550. https://books.google.com/books?id=kaJZkwhVRYEC.
- English-Lueck, June Anne (2002). Cultures@Silicon Valley. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804744294. https://books.google.com/books?id=UsO3GpIay7YC.
- Hayes, Dennis (1990). Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era. Black Rose Books. ISBN 9780921689621. https://books.google.com/books?id=HPlSVxG1XVEC.
- Kaplan, David A. (2000). The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780688179069. https://books.google.com/books?id=3-W0KCrNNQoC.
- Koepp, Rob. Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's Silicon Fen. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470855669. https://books.google.com/books?id=jhH_zABrKDUC.
- Lécuyer, Christophe Lécuyer (2006). Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930-1970. Chemical Heritage Foundation. ISBN 9780262122818. https://books.google.com/books?id=5TgKinNy5p8C.
- Levy, Steven (2014). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 9781449388393. https://books.google.com/books?id=pOU-BAAAQBAJ.
- O'Mara, Margaret Pugh (2015). Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400866885. https://books.google.com/books?id=nYcVBgAAQBAJ.
- Pellow, David N; Park, Lisa Sun-Hee (2002). The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-tech Global Economy. New York University Press. ISBN 9780814767108. https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4TI-niBdGkC.
- Saxenian, AnnaLee (1996). Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674753402. https://books.google.com/books?id=gnh2Rb1rcMIC.
- Scoville, Thomas (2001). Silicon Follies (Fiction). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743419451. https://books.google.com/books?id=B6TuoqQssYcC.
- Whiteley, Carol; McLaughlin, John (2002). Technology, Entrepreneurs and Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley Historical Association. ISBN 0964921715. http://www.siliconvalleyhistorical.org/technology-entrepreneurs-and-silicon-valley-book.
- Journals and newspapers
- Kantor, Jodi (December 23, 2014). „A Brand New World In Which Men Ruled”. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/23/us/gender-gaps-stanford-94.html.
- Koenig, Neil (February 9, 2014). „Next Silicon Valleys: How did California get it so right?”. BBC News. http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-26041341.
- Malone, Michael S. (January 30, 2015). „The Purpose of Silicon Valley”. MIT Technology Review. http://www.technologyreview.com/review/534581/the-purpose-of-silicon-valley/.
- Norr, Henry (December 27, 1999). „Growth of a Silicon Empire”. San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/GROWTH-OF-A-SILICON-EMPIRE-Bay-Area-s-fertile-2888303.php.
- Palmer, Barbara (February 4, 2004). „Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond”. Stanford Report. http://news.stanford.edu/news/2004/february4/silicon-24.html.
- Schulz, Thomas (March 4, 2015). „Tomorrowland: How Silicon Valley Shapes Our Future”. Der Spiegel. http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/spiegel-cover-story-how-silicon-valley-shapes-our-future-a-1021557.html.
- Sturgeon, Timothy J. (December 2000). „Chapter Two: How Silicon Valley Came to Be”. Industrial Performance Center (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). https://ipc.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/00-014.pdf.
- Williams, James C. (December 2013). „From White Gold to Silicon Chips: Hydraulic Technology, Electric Power and Silicon Valley”. Social Science Information (Sage Publications) 52 (4): 558–574. http://ssi.sagepub.com/content/52/4/558.abstract. (Subscription required for full text.)
- Audiovisual
- Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012.
- „A Weekend in Silicon Valley”. New York Times. August 27, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/08/27/travel/20100905SILICON.html.
- Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012.
Vanjske veze[uredi - уреди | uredi kôd]
- Silicijska dolina
- Povijest
- Santa Clara County: California's Historic Silicon Valley — A National Park Service website
- Silicon Valley — An American Experience documentary broadcast in 2013
- Silicon Valley Cultures Project na Wayback Machine (arhivirano 20. decembra 2007.) from San Jose State University
- Silicon Valley Historical Association
- The Birth of Silicon Valley
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