Silicijumska dolina

San Jose, najveći grad Silicijske doline

Silicijska dolina (engl. Silicon Valley) naziv je doline smještene u južnome dijelu Zaljevskog područja San Francisca u sjevernoj Kaliforniji. Naziv "Silicijska dolina" nastao je zbog velikog broja tvrtki visoke tehnologije u regiji, a dolazi od kemijskog elementa silicija koji je osnova za izradu čipova. Danas je Silicijska dolina područje s najvišom koncentracijom važnih visokotehnoloških (hi-tech) tvrtki u svijetu, te su neke od svjetski najpoznatijih tvrtki smještene upravo ovdje. Komparativne prednosti doline su velik broj visokoobrazovanih inženjera, inovatora i ulagača u razvoj novih proizvoda.

Naziv

Naziv "Silicijska dolina" skovao je Ralph Vaerst, poduzetnik iz središnje Kalifornije. Prvi put ga je u tjedniku Electronic News objavio novinar Don Hoefler, Vaerstov prijatelj, 11. siječnja 1971. u seriji članaka pod nazivom "Silicon Valley USA,". Pojam "Silicijski" odnosi se na već tada veliku koncentraciju tvrtki koje se bave poluvodičima i računalima. Te su tvrtke polako zamjenjivale voćnjake koji su bili na tom području i zbog kojeg se nekad nazivalo Valley of Heart's Delight ("dolina radosti srca").

Poznate tvrtke

Sjedište tvrtke Google u Mountain Viewu

Tisuće tvrtki ima svoje sjedište u Silicijskoj dolini, a mnoge od njih su na listi najbogatijih. Najpoznatije tvrtke su:

• Adobe Systems
• Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
• Agilent Technologies
• Apple Inc.
• Applied Materials
• Business Objects
• Cisco Systems
• eBay
• Google
• Hewlett-Packard
• Intel
• Intuit
• Juniper Networks
• LSI Logic
• National Semiconductor
• NetApp
• Nvidia
• Oracle Corporation
• SanDisk
• Sun Microsystems
• Symantec
• Yahoo!

• 3Com (sjedište u Marlboroughu, Massachusetts)
• Actel
• Actuate Corporation
• Adaptec
• Aeria Games and Entertainment
• Amdahl
• Antibody Solutions
• Aricent
• Asus
• Atari
• Atmel
• Broadcom
• BEA Systems (preuzeo Oracle Corporation)
• Cypress Semiconductor
• EMC Corporation (sjedište u Hopkintonu, Massachusetts)
• Facebook
• Fairchild Semiconductor
• Force10
• Foundry Networks
• Fujitsu (sjedište u Tokiju)
• Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
• IBM Almaden Research Center
• Logitech
• Maxtor
• McAfee
• Memorex (preuzeo Imation i premjestio u Cerritos)
• Micron Technology (sjedište u Boiseu, Idaho)
• Microsoft (sjedište u Redmondu, Washington)
• Netflix
• Netscape (preuzeo AOL)
• NeXT Computer, Inc. (preuzeo Apple)
• Opera Software
• OPPO
• Palm, Inc.
• PalmSource, Inc. (preuzeo ACCESS)
• PayPal (sada dio eBaya)
• PlayPhone
• Rambus
• RSA(preuzeo EMC)
• Redback Networks (preuzeo Ericsson)
• SAP AG (sjedište u njemačkom Walldorfu)
• Siemens (sjedište u Berlinu i Münchenu)
• Silicon Graphics
• Silicon Image
• Solectron (preuzeo Flextronics)
• Sony
• SRI International
• SunPower
• Tesla Motors
• Tellme Networks (preuzeo Microsoft)
• TiVo
• VA Software (Slashdot)
• WebEx (preuzeo Cisco Systems)
• Western Digital
• VeriSign
• Veritas Software (preuzeo Symantec)
• VMware (preuzeo EMC)
• Xilinx
• YouTube (preuzeo Google)
• Zoran Corporation

Fakulteti

• Državno sveučilište u San Joseu
• Sveučilište u Santa Clari
• Sveučilište Stanford

Gradovi

Pogled na Silicijsku dolinu u smjeru zapada iz Alum Rock parka pored San Josea. S lijeva na desno (od juga prema sjeveru): Mountain View, Sunnyvale, Palo Alto itd. Na desnom kraju slike vidi se dio Zaljeva San Francisco.

Brojni se gradovi nalaze u Silicijskoj dolini:

• Campbell
• Cupertino
• Los Altos
• Los Altos Hills
• Los Gatos
• Milpitas
• Monte Sereno
• Mountain View
• Palo Alto
• San Jose
• Santa Clara
• Saratoga
• Sunnyvale

Gradovi povezani s regijom:

• East Palo Alto (okrug San Mateo)
• Foster City
• Fremont (okrug Alameda)
• Menlo Park (okrug San Mateo)
• Newark (okrug Alameda)
• Redwood City (okrug San Mateo, u njemu sjedište imaju tvrtke Oracle, Electronic Arts i PDI/DreamWorks)
• Santa Cruz

Galerija

• 

  Silicijumska dolina

• 

  -{Adobe Systems}-

• 

  -{Apple Inc.}-

• 

  -{eBay}-

• 

  -{Google}-

• 

  Sedište Intela

• 

  -{Oracle}-

• 

  -{Yahoo!}-

Literatura

• Bronson, Po (2013). The Nudist On The Lateshift: and Other Tales of Silicon Valley. Random House. ISBN 9781448189649. https://books.google.com/books?id=Pws7-7bGU5wC. 
• Cringely, Robert X. (1996). Accidental Empires: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't get a date. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780887308550. https://books.google.com/books?id=kaJZkwhVRYEC. 
• English-Lueck, June Anne (2002). Cultures@Silicon Valley. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804744294. https://books.google.com/books?id=UsO3GpIay7YC. 
• Hayes, Dennis (1990). Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era. Black Rose Books. ISBN 9780921689621. https://books.google.com/books?id=HPlSVxG1XVEC. 
• Kaplan, David A. (2000). The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780688179069. https://books.google.com/books?id=3-W0KCrNNQoC. 
• Koepp, Rob. Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's Silicon Fen. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470855669. https://books.google.com/books?id=jhH_zABrKDUC. 
• Lécuyer, Christophe Lécuyer (2006). Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930-1970. Chemical Heritage Foundation. ISBN 9780262122818. https://books.google.com/books?id=5TgKinNy5p8C. 
• Levy, Steven (2014). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 9781449388393. https://books.google.com/books?id=pOU-BAAAQBAJ. 
• O'Mara, Margaret Pugh (2015). Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400866885. https://books.google.com/books?id=nYcVBgAAQBAJ. 
• Pellow, David N; Park, Lisa Sun-Hee (2002). The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-tech Global Economy. New York University Press. ISBN 9780814767108. https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4TI-niBdGkC. 
• Saxenian, AnnaLee (1996). Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674753402. https://books.google.com/books?id=gnh2Rb1rcMIC. 
• Scoville, Thomas (2001). Silicon Follies (Fiction). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743419451. https://books.google.com/books?id=B6TuoqQssYcC. 
• Whiteley, Carol; McLaughlin, John (2002). Technology, Entrepreneurs and Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley Historical Association. ISBN 0964921715. http://www.siliconvalleyhistorical.org/technology-entrepreneurs-and-silicon-valley-book. 

Journals and newspapers

• Kantor, Jodi (December 23, 2014). "A Brand New World In Which Men Ruled". New York Times. 
• Koenig, Neil (February 9, 2014). "Next Silicon Valleys: How did California get it so right?". BBC News. 
• Malone, Michael S. (January 30, 2015). "The Purpose of Silicon Valley". MIT Technology Review. 
• Norr, Henry (December 27, 1999). "Growth of a Silicon Empire". San Francisco Chronicle. 
• Palmer, Barbara (February 4, 2004). "Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond". Stanford Report. 
• Schulz, Thomas (March 4, 2015). "Tomorrowland: How Silicon Valley Shapes Our Future". Der Spiegel. 
• Sturgeon, Timothy J. (December 2000). "Chapter Two: How Silicon Valley Came to Be" (PDF). Industrial Performance Center (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). 
• Williams, James C. (December 2013). "From White Gold to Silicon Chips: Hydraulic Technology, Electric Power and Silicon Valley". Social Science Information (Abstract) (Sage Publications) 52 (4): 558–574.  (Subscription required for full text.)

Audiovisual

• Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012. 
• "A Weekend in Silicon Valley". New York Times (Slideshow). August 27, 2010. 
• Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012. 

Vanjske veze

Silicijumska dolina na Wikimedijinoj ostavi

• Silicijska dolina
• Povijest
• Santa Clara County: California's Historic Silicon Valley — A National Park Service website
• Silicon Valley — An American Experience documentary broadcast in 2013
• Silicon Valley Cultures Project na Wayback Machine (arhivirano 20. decembra 2007.) from San Jose State University
• Silicon Valley Historical Association
• The Birth of Silicon Valley