Silicijumska dolina
Silicijska dolina (engl. Silicon Valley) naziv je doline smještene u južnome dijelu Zaljevskog područja San Francisca u sjevernoj Kaliforniji. Naziv "Silicijska dolina" nastao je zbog velikog broja tvrtki visoke tehnologije u regiji, a dolazi od kemijskog elementa silicija koji je osnova za izradu čipova. Danas je Silicijska dolina područje s najvišom koncentracijom važnih visokotehnoloških (hi-tech) tvrtki u svijetu, te su neke od svjetski najpoznatijih tvrtki smještene upravo ovdje. Komparativne prednosti doline su velik broj visokoobrazovanih inženjera, inovatora i ulagača u razvoj novih proizvoda.
Naziv "Silicijska dolina" skovao je Ralph Vaerst, poduzetnik iz središnje Kalifornije. Prvi put ga je u tjedniku Electronic News objavio novinar Don Hoefler, Vaerstov prijatelj, 11. siječnja 1971. u seriji članaka pod nazivom "Silicon Valley USA,". Pojam "Silicijski" odnosi se na već tada veliku koncentraciju tvrtki koje se bave poluvodičima i računalima. Te su tvrtke polako zamjenjivale voćnjake koji su bili na tom području i zbog kojeg se nekad nazivalo Valley of Heart's Delight ("dolina radosti srca").
Tisuće tvrtki ima svoje sjedište u Silicijskoj dolini, a mnoge od njih su na listi najbogatijih. Najpoznatije tvrtke su:
- Adobe Systems
- Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
- Agilent Technologies
- Apple Inc.
- Applied Materials
- Business Objects
- Cisco Systems
- eBay
- Hewlett-Packard
- Intel
- Intuit
- Juniper Networks
- LSI Logic
- National Semiconductor
- NetApp
- Nvidia
- Oracle Corporation
- SanDisk
- Sun Microsystems
- Symantec
- Yahoo!
- 3Com (sjedište u Marlboroughu, Massachusetts)
- Actel
- Actuate Corporation
- Adaptec
- Aeria Games and Entertainment
- Amdahl
- Antibody Solutions
- Aricent
- Asus
- Atari
- Atmel
- Broadcom
- BEA Systems (preuzeo Oracle Corporation)
- Cypress Semiconductor
- EMC Corporation (sjedište u Hopkintonu, Massachusetts)
- Fairchild Semiconductor
- Force10
- Foundry Networks
- Fujitsu (sjedište u Tokiju)
- Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
- IBM Almaden Research Center
- Logitech
- Maxtor
- McAfee
- Memorex (preuzeo Imation i premjestio u Cerritos)
- Micron Technology (sjedište u Boiseu, Idaho)
- Microsoft (sjedište u Redmondu, Washington)
- Netflix
- Netscape (preuzeo AOL)
- NeXT Computer, Inc. (preuzeo Apple)
- Opera Software
- OPPO
- Palm, Inc.
- PalmSource, Inc. (preuzeo ACCESS)
- PayPal (sada dio eBaya)
- PlayPhone
- Rambus
- RSA(preuzeo EMC)
- Redback Networks (preuzeo Ericsson)
- SAP AG (sjedište u njemačkom Walldorfu)
- Siemens (sjedište u Berlinu i Münchenu)
- Silicon Graphics
- Silicon Image
- Solectron (preuzeo Flextronics)
- Sony
- SRI International
- SunPower
- Tesla Motors
- Tellme Networks (preuzeo Microsoft)
- TiVo
- VA Software (Slashdot)
- WebEx (preuzeo Cisco Systems)
- Western Digital
- VeriSign
- Veritas Software (preuzeo Symantec)
- VMware (preuzeo EMC)
- Xilinx
- YouTube (preuzeo Google)
- Zoran Corporation
Pogled na Silicijsku dolinu u smjeru zapada iz Alum Rock parka pored San Josea. S lijeva na desno (od juga prema sjeveru): Mountain View, Sunnyvale, Palo Alto itd. Na desnom kraju slike vidi se dio Zaljeva San Francisco.
Brojni se gradovi nalaze u Silicijskoj dolini:
Gradovi povezani s regijom:
- East Palo Alto (okrug San Mateo)
- Foster City
- Fremont (okrug Alameda)
- Menlo Park (okrug San Mateo)
- Newark (okrug Alameda)
- Redwood City (okrug San Mateo, u njemu sjedište imaju tvrtke Oracle, Electronic Arts i PDI/DreamWorks)
- Santa Cruz
-
Silicijumska dolina -
Adobe Systems -
Apple Inc. -
eBay -
Google -
Sedište Intela -
Oracle -
Yahoo!
- Bronson, Po (2013). The Nudist On The Lateshift: and Other Tales of Silicon Valley. Random House. ISBN 9781448189649.
- Cringely, Robert X. (1996) [1992]. Accidental Empires: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't get a date. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780887308550.
- English-Lueck, June Anne (2002). Cultures@Silicon Valley. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804744294.
- Hayes, Dennis (1990) [1989]. Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era. Black Rose Books. ISBN 9780921689621.
- Kaplan, David A. (2000). The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780688179069.
- Koepp, Rob. Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's Silicon Fen. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470855669.
- Lécuyer, Christophe Lécuyer (2006) [2005]. Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930-1970. Chemical Heritage Foundation. ISBN 9780262122818.
- Levy, Steven (2014) [1984]. Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 9781449388393.[mrtav link]
- O'Mara, Margaret Pugh (2015) [2004]. Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400866885.
- Pellow, David N; Park, Lisa Sun-Hee (2002). The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-tech Global Economy. New York University Press. ISBN 9780814767108.
- Saxenian, AnnaLee (1996). Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674753402.
- Scoville, Thomas (2001). Silicon Follies (Fiction). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743419451.
- Whiteley, Carol; McLaughlin, John (2002). Technology, Entrepreneurs and Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley Historical Association. ISBN 0964921715. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2019-12-04.
- Journals and newspapers
- Kantor, Jodi (December 23, 2014). „A Brand New World In Which Men Ruled”. New York Times.
- Koenig, Neil (February 9, 2014). „Next Silicon Valleys: How did California get it so right?”. BBC News.
- Malone, Michael S. (January 30, 2015). „The Purpose of Silicon Valley”. MIT Technology Review.
- Norr, Henry (December 27, 1999). „Growth of a Silicon Empire”. San Francisco Chronicle.
- Palmer, Barbara (February 4, 2004). „Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond”. Stanford Report.
- Schulz, Thomas (March 4, 2015). „Tomorrowland: How Silicon Valley Shapes Our Future”. Der Spiegel.
- Sturgeon, Timothy J. (December 2000). „Chapter Two: How Silicon Valley Came to Be”. Industrial Performance Center (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2018-08-19.
- Williams, James C. (December 2013). „From White Gold to Silicon Chips: Hydraulic Technology, Electric Power and Silicon Valley”. Social Science Information (Sage Publications) 52 (4): 558–574. (Subscription required for full text.)
- Audiovisual
- Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012. Archived from the original on 2018-08-19. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
{{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - „A Weekend in Silicon Valley”. New York Times. August 27, 2010.
- Silicon Valley: A Five Part Series (DVD). Narrated by Leonard Nimoy. Silicon Valley Historical Association. 2012. Archived from the original on 2018-08-19. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
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- Silicijska dolina
- Povijest Arhivirano 2007-06-08 na Wayback Machine-u
- Santa Clara County: California's Historic Silicon Valley – A National Park Service website
- Silicon Valley – An American Experience documentary broadcast in 2013
- Silicon Valley Cultures Project na sajtu Wayback Machine (arhivirano 20. decembra 2007.) from San Jose State University
- Silicon Valley Historical Association Arhivirano 2020-11-12 na Wayback Machine-u
- The Birth of Silicon Valley Arhivirano 2018-08-19 na Wayback Machine-u
