Prijeđi na sadržaj

Ramana Maharši

Izvor: Wikipedija
Ramana Maharši
Sri Ramana Maharshi in his late 60s
Ramana Maharši in svojim kasnim 60-im
RođenjeVenkataraman Ijer
(1879-12-30)30. 12. 1879.
Smrt14. 4. 1950. (dob: 70)
PrebivališteIndija
Ostala imenaVenkataraman Iyer
Državljanstvoindijsko
Zanimanjefilozof

Ramana Maharši /ˈrʌmənə ˈməhʌrʃi/ (30. decembar 1879 – 14. april 1950) bio je indijski mudrac[1] i jivanmukta (oslobođeno biće).[2] On je rođen kao Venkataraman Ijer, ali je poznatiji po imenu Bagavan Sri Ramana Maharši.[3][note 1]

On je rođen je u sadašnjem Tiručuliju, Tamil Nadu, Indija. Godine 1895. u njemu se probudila privlačnost prema svetom brdu Arunačala i 63 Najanmara se probudilo u njemu,[4] a 1896. godine, u svojoj 16 godini, imao je „iskustvo smrti” kad je postao svestan „struje” ili „sile” (avesam) koju je prepoznao kao svoje istinsko „ja” ili „biće”,[web 1][5] i koju je kasnije identifikovao sa „lični Bog, ili Isvara”,[web 1] tj. Šiva. To je rezultiralo stanjem koje je kasnije opisao kao „stanje uma Isvare ili jnani”.[web 1][note 2] Šest nedelja kasnije napustio je kuću svog ujaka u Maduraju i putovao do svete planine Arunačala, u Tiruvannamalaj, gde je preuzeo ulogu sanjasina (iako nije formalno iniciran), i ostao je tu do kraja života.

Ubrzo je privukao bakte koji su ga smatrali avatarom i koji su dolazili kod njega za daršan („vid Božji”), a u kasnijim godinama oko njega je rastao ašram, gde su posetioci dobijali upadesa („duhovno poučavanje”)[7] putem tihog sedenja u njegovoj blizini postavljajući pitanja.[8] Od tridesetih godina prošlog veka njegovo učenje je popularizovano na Zapadu, što je rezultiralo svetskim priznanjem kao prosvetljenog bića.[9]

Ramana Maharši je odobrio brojne staze i prakse,[3] ali je preporučio samoispitivanje kao glavno sredstvo za uklanjanje neznanja i povinovanja samosvesti,[web 2][10] zajedno sa bakti (predanošću) ili predajom sebi.[web 2]

Radovi

[uredi | uredi kod]

Književno delo

[uredi | uredi kod]
  • Gambhiram Sheshayya, Vichāra Sangraham, "Self-Enquiry". Answers to questions, compiled in 1901, published in dialogue-form, republished as essay in 1939 as A Cathechism of Enquiry. Also published in 1944 in Heinrich Zimmer's Der Weg zum Selbst.[11]
  • Sivaprakasam Oillai, Nān Yār?, "Who am I?". Answers to questions, compiled in 1902, first published in 1923.[11][web 3]
  • Five Hymns to Arunachala:
    • Akshara Mana Malai, "The Marital Garland of Letters". In 1914, at the request of a devotee, Ramana wrote Akshara Mana Malai for his devotees to sing while on their rounds for alms. It's a hymn in praise of Shiva, manifest as the mountain Arunachala. The hymn consists of 108 stanzas composed in poetic Tamil.[web 4]
    • Navamani Mālai, "The Necklet of Nine Gems".
    • Arunāchala Patikam, "Eleven Verses to Sri Arunachala".
    • Arunāchala Ashtakam, "Eight Stanzas to Sri Arunachala".
    • Arunāchala Pañcharatna, "Five Stanzas to Sri Arunachala".
  • Sri Muruganar and Sri Ramana Maharshi, Upadesha Sāra (Upadesha Undiyar), "The Essence of Instruction". In 1927 Muruganar started a poem on the Gods, but asked Ramana to write thirty verses on upadesha, "teaching" or "instruction".[12]
  • Ramana Maharshi, Ulladu narpadu, "Forty Verses on Reality". Written in 1928.[13] First English translation and commentary by S.S. Cohen in 1931.
  • Ullada Nārpadu Anubandham, "Reality in Forty Verses: Supplement". Forty stanzas, fifteen of which are being written by Ramana. The other twenty-five are translations of various Sanskrit-texts.[14]
  • Sri Muruganar and Sri Ramana Maharshi (1930s), Ramana Puranam.[web 5]
  • Ekātma Pañchakam, "Five Verses on the Self". Written in 1947, at the request of a female devotee.[15]

Snimljeni razgovori

[uredi | uredi kod]

Several collections of recorded talks, in which Sri Ramana used Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam,[3] have been published. Those are based on written transcripts, which were "hurriedly written down in English by his official interpreters".[3][note 3]

Sećanja

[uredi | uredi kod]
  • Frank Hamfris, britanski policajac stationiran u Indiji, posetio je Ramana Maharšija 1911. godine i pisao je članke o njemu, koji su bili prvo objavljeni u časopisu The International Psychic Gazette 1913. godine.[16][note 4]
  • Paul Brunton (1935), A Search in Secret India. This book introduced Ramana Maharshi to a western audience.[17]
  • Cohen, S.S. (2003). Guru Ramana. Sri Ramanashram.  First published 1956.
  • Chadwick, Major A. W. (1961). A Sadhu's Reminiscences of Ramana Maharshi. Sri Ramanashram. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2018-05-16. Pristupljeno 2020-01-19. 
  • Nagamma, Suri (1973). Letters from Ramanasram by Suri Nagamma. Tiruvannamalai: Sriramanasasram. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2019-10-30. Pristupljeno 2020-01-19. 
  • Kunjuswami, Living with the Master. Recordings of Kunjuswami's experiences with Ramana Maharshi from 1920 on.[web 7] ISBN 81-88018-99-6
  • G. V. Subbaramayya, Sri Ramana Reminiscences. "The account covers the years between 1933 and 1950".[web 8]

Dokumentarni filmovi

[uredi | uredi kod]

Napomene

[uredi | uredi kod]
  1. ↑ Bagavan znači Bog, Sri je počasna titula, Ramana je kratka forma imena Venkataraman, i Maharši znači 'veliki vidovnjak' u sanskritu. To ime mu je dao 1907. jedan od njegovih prvih posvećenika, Ganapati Muni.
  2. ↑ Hajnrih Cimer koristi izraz „intuicija prosvetljenih”. Ramana, kako je citirao Cimer: „Kada sam kasnije u Tiruvanamalaju slušao kako se čita Ribu Gita i takvi sveti tekstovi, shvatio sam te stvari i otkrio da su te knjige nazvale i analizirale, ono što sam pre toga nehotice osetio, a da nisam bio u mogućnosti da to imenujem ili analiziram. U jeziku ovih knjiga mogao bih označiti stanje u kome sam našao sebe nakon buđenja kao 'očišćeno razumevanje' (šudam manas) ili „Uvid” (Vijnana): kao intuicija prosvetljenih”.[6]
  3. ↑ David Godman: "Because some of the interpreters were not completely fluent in English some of the transcriptions were either ungrammatical or written in a kind of stilted English which occasionally makes Sri Ramana sound like a pompous Victorian."[3]
  4. ↑ See Frank H. Humphreys, Glimpses of the Life and Teachings of Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi for Humphreys writings on Ramana Maharshi.
  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 David godman (7 May 2008), Bhagavan's death experience, The Mountain Path, 1981, pp. 67–69
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 David Godman, The unity of surrender and Self-enquiry
  3. ↑ Who am I? – pdf
  4. ↑ Self Inquiry (19 June 2012). „Sri Ramana Maharshi's Aksharamanamalai.m4v”. YouTube. Pristupljeno 4 August 2012. 
  5. ↑ Ramana Puranam
  6. ↑ Society of Abidance in Truth, Origin of Spiritual Instruction
  7. ↑ „Veda Yoga Books, Living with the Master”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-04. Pristupljeno 2020-01-19. 
  8. ↑ „sriramanamaharshi.org, Sri Ramana Reminiscences”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-04. Pristupljeno 2020-01-19. 

Reference

[uredi | uredi kod]
  1. ↑ Sharma 2006
  2. ↑ Fort 1998: str. 134-151
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Godman 1985
  4. ↑ Osborne 2002: str. 5-6 sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFOsborne2002 (help)
  5. ↑ Godman 1985: str. 4
  6. ↑ Zimmer 1948: str. 23
  7. ↑ Osborne 1959
  8. ↑ Godman 1985: str. 5
  9. ↑ Lucas 2011
  10. ↑ Zimmer 1948
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Renard 1999: str. 19-20
  12. ↑ Renard 1999: str. 24
  13. ↑ Renard 1999: str. 25
  14. ↑ Renard 1999: str. 26
  15. ↑ Renard 1999: str. 27
  16. ↑ Osborne 2002: str. 106, 111 sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFOsborne2002 (help)
  17. ↑ Ebert 2006: str. 140 sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFEbert2006 (help)

Literatura

[uredi | uredi kod]
  • Arulsamy, S. (1987), Saivism – A Perspective of Grace, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Limited 
  • Brunton, Paul (1994), A Search in Secret India, York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc. 
  • Chapple, Christopher (1984), Introduction to "The Concise Yoga Vasistha", State University of New York 
  • Cohen, S.S. (1980), Memoirs and Notes, Tiruvannamalai: Sri Ramanasramam 
  • Cornille, Catherine (1992), The Guru in Indian Catholicism: Ambiguity Or Opportunity of Inculturation, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing 
  • Coomaraswamy, Rama P. (2004), The Essential Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, World Wisdom, Inc 
  • Dalal, Roshen (2011), Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide, Penguin Books India 
  • Dallapiccola, Anna (2002), Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend, ISBN 0-500-51088-1 
  • Davis, Leesa S. (2010), Advaita vedanta and Zen Buddhism. Deconstructive Modes of Spiritual Inquiry, Routledge 
  • Deutsch, Elliott (2006), „Foreword”, Timeless in Time: Sri Ramana Maharshi, World Wisdom 
  • Ebert, Gabriele (2006), Ramana Maharshi: His Life, Lulu.com 
  • Editor unknown (1988), The Spiritual Teaching of Ramana Maharshi, Shambhala, ISBN 0-87773-024-5 
  • Edwards, Alan (2012), Ramana Maharshi and the Colonial Encounter. Master Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington 
  • Fields, Rick (1992), How The Swans Came to the Lake. A Narrative History of Buddhism in America, Shambhala 
  • Flood, Gavin D. (2011), „Miracles in Hinduism”, Twelftree, Graham H., The Cambridge Companion to Miracles, Cambridge University Press 
  • Forman, Robert (1999), Mysticism, Mind, Consciousness, SUNY Press 
  • Forsthoefel, Thomas A. (2005), The Perennial Appeal of Ramana Maharshi. In: Thomas A. Forsthoefel, Cynthia Ann Humes (2005), Gurus In America, SUNY Press 
  • Fort, Andrew O. (1998), Jivanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta, SUNY Press 
  • Frawley, David (1996), Tantric Yoga and the Wisdom Goddesses: Spiritual Secrets of Ayurveda, Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 
  • Frawley, David (2000), Vedantic Meditation: Lighting the Flame of Awareness, North Atlantic Books 
  • Ganesan, V., Ramana Periya Puranam, Sri Ramanasraman 
  • Ganesan, V. (1993), The Mountain Path – Silence is the Ultimate Reality, 1993, June, Aradhana Issue, Vols 30 Nos. 1 & 2, Tiruvannamalai, India: T. N. Venkataraman, Sri Ramana Ashram, arhivirano iz originala na datum 2023-10-08, pristupljeno 2020-01-19 
  • Gilchrist, Cherry (1996), Theosophy. The Wisdom of the Ages, HarperSanFrancisco 
  • Godman, David (1985), Be As You Are, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-019062-7, arhivirano iz originala na datum 29 December 2013 
  • Godman, David (1994), Living by the Words of Bhagavan, Tiruvannamalai: Sri Annamalai Swami Ashram Trust 
  • Godman, David (1998), Living by the Words of Bhagavan, Tiruvannamalai: Annamalai Swami Ashram 
  • Godman, David (2000), The Power of the Presence – Part One 
  • Gombrich, Richard (1996), Theravada Buddhism. A Social History From Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo, Routledge 
  • Hinduism Today (2007), What Is Hinduism?: Modern Adventures into a Profound Global Faith, Himalayan Academy Publications 
  • Johnson, K. Paul (1994), The masters revealed: Madam Blavatsky and the myth of the Great White Lodge, SUNY Press, ISBN 0-7914-2063-9 
  • Jung, C.G. (1948), De betekenis van de Indische Heilige. In: Heinrich Zimmer, "De weg tot het zelf", 's-Graveland: Uitgeverij De Driehoek 
  • King, Richard (1999), Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East", Routledge 
  • Bhikshu, Krishna (2004), Sri Ramana Leela, Sri Ramanasramam 
  • Lavoie, Jeffrey D. (2012), The Theosophical Society: The History of a Spiritualist Movement, Universal-Publishers 
  • Lucas, Phillip Charles (November 2011), „When a Movement Is Not a Movement. Ramana Maharshi and Neo-Advaita in North America”, Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions 15 (2): 93–114, JSTOR 10.1525/nr.2011.15.2.93 
  • Lucas, Phillip Charles (2014), „Non-Traditional Modern Advaita Gurus in the West and Their Traditional Modern Advaita Critics”, Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions 17 (3): 6–37, DOI:10.1525/nr.2014.17.3.6 
  • Maehle, Gregor (2007), Ashtanga Yoga: Practice and Philosophy, New World Library 
  • McMahan, David L. (2008), The Making of Buddhist Modernism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195183276 
  • Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press 
  • Mukerji, Mādhava Bithika (1983), Neo-Vedanta and Modernity, Ashutosh Prakashan Sansthan 
  • Narasimha, Swami (1993), Self Realisation: The Life and Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi, Sri Ramanasraman 
  • Natarajan, A. R. (2006), Timeless in Time: Sri Ramana Maharshi, World Wisdom 
  • Osborne, Arthur (2002), Ramana Maharshi and the Path of Self-Knowledge, Sri Ramanasramam, arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-07, pristupljeno 2020-01-19 
  • Osborne, Arthur (1959), The Mind of Ramana Maharshi, Jaico Publishing House 
  • Paranjape, Makarand R. (2009), Another Canon: Indian Texts and Traditions in English, Anthem Press 
  • Poonja, Sri H. W. L. (2000), The Truth Is, Weiser Books 
  • Ramana Maharshi (1982), Who am I? (Nan Yar?), Tiruvannamalai: Sriramanasasram, arhivirano iz originala na datum 3 October 2012 
  • Rao, P. Rajeswar (1991), The Great Indian Patriots, Volume 2, Mittal Publications 
  • Renard, Philip (1999), Ramana Upanishad, Utrecht: Servire 
  • Sadhu Om (2005), The Path of Sri Ramana, Part One, Tiruvannamalai: Sri Ramana Kshetra, Kanvashrama 
  • Sadhu Om (2005-B), The Path of Sri Ramana, Part Two, Tiruvannamalai: Sri Ramana Kshetra, Kanvashrama 
  • Sharma, Arvind (1993), The Experiential Dimension of Advaita Vedanta, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers 
  • Sharma, Arvind (2006), Ramana Maharshi: The Sage of Arunachala, Pinguin, Viking 
  • Sinari, Ramakant (2000), Advaita and Contemporary Indian Philosophy. In: Chattopadhyana (gen.ed.), "History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization. Volume II Part 2: Advaita Vedanta", Delhi: Centre for Studies in Civilizations 
  • Singh, Sarina (2009), Lonely Planet, "South India" 
  • Sivaramkrishna, M. (2008), Sterling Book of Ramana Maharshi, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd 
  • Smith, Frederick M. (2012), The Self Possessed: Deity and Spirit Possession in South Asian Literature and Civilization, Columbia University Press 
  • Sri Ramanasramam (1981), Bhagavan Sri Ramana: a pictorial biography, Sri Ramanasramam 
  • Sri Ramanasramam (2007), Arunachala's Ramana: Boundless Ocean of Grace, Volume 1, Sri Ramanasramam 
  • Stein, Burton (2010), A History of India, John Wiley & Sons 
  • Subramuniyaswami, Sivaya (2003), Dancing with Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Catechism, Himalayan Academy Publications 
  • Thompson, Lewis (2011), Fathomless Heart: The Spiritual and Philosophical Reflections of an English Poet-Sage, North Atlantic Books 
  • Venkataramiah, Munagala (1936), Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi, Tiruvannamalai: Sri Ramanasramam 
  • Venkataramiah, Muranagala (2000), Talks With Sri Ramana Maharshi: On Realizing Abiding Peace and Happiness, Inner Directions, ISBN 1-878019-00-7 
  • Venkataramiah, Muranagala (2006), Talks With Sri Ramana Maharshi, Sri Ramanasramam, arhivirano iz originala na datum 2010-07-05, pristupljeno 2020-01-19 
  • Visvanathan, Susan (2010), The Children of Nature: The Life and Legacy of Ramana Maharshi. New Delhi: Roli/Lotus
  • Wehr, Gerhard (2003), Jung and Steiner: The Birth of a New Psychology, SteinerBooks 
  • Williamson, Loal (2010), Transcendent in America: Hindu-Inspired Meditation Movements as New Religion, NYU Press 
  • Zimmer, Heinrich (1948), De weg tot het Zelf. Leer en leven van de Indische heilige, Sri Ramana Maharshi uit Tiruvannamalai, 's Graveland: Uitgeverij De Driehoek 
  • Venkataramiah, Muranagala (2006), Talks With Sri Ramana Maharshi, Sri Ramanasramam  records of upadesa, instructions and answers by Ramana Maharshi in response to visitors
  • Godman, David (1994), Living by the Words of Bhagavan, Tiruvannamalai: Sri Annamalai Swami Ashram Trust 
  • Narasimha, Swami (1993), Self Realisation: The Life and Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi, Sri Ramanasraman 
  • Osborne, Arthur (2002), Ramana Maharshi and the Path of Self-Knowledge, Sri Ramanasramam, arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-07, pristupljeno 2020-01-19 
  • Ebert, Gabriele (2006), Ramana Maharshi: His Life, Lulu.com 
  • Friesen, J. Glenn (2006). Ramana Maharshi: Hindu and non-Hindu Interpretations of a jivanmukta. 
  • David Godman, Paul Brunton's Background, a critique of Friesen's analysis
  • Edwards, Alan (2012), Ramana Maharshi and the Colonial Encounter. Master Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington 
  • G.K. Pillai (2015), Monks are from Meditating Monkeys: Unravelling the Algorithm of True Spiritual Awakening
  • Shourie, Arun (2017), Two Saints: Speculations around and about Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Ramana Maharishi., Harper Collins. 

Spoljašnje veze

[uredi | uredi kod]
Izvor: https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramana_Maharši&oldid=42215591