Čalukja – razlika između verzija

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== Izvori ==
== Izvori ==
'''Knjige'''
'''Knjige'''
* {{Cite book |last1= Chopra|first1= P.N.|last2= Ravindran|first2= T.K.|last3=Subrahmanian|first3= N|title= History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 1|origyear=2003|year=2003|publisher= Chand Publications|location=New Delhi|id=ISBN 978-81-219-0153-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last1= Chopra|first1= P.N.|last2= Ravindran|first2= T.K.|last3=Subrahmanian|first3= N|title= History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 1|origyear=2003|year=2003|publisher= Chand Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-219-0153-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|author=Cousens, Henry|title= The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts|origyear= 1926|year= 1996|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |location= New Delhi|oclc = 37526233|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|author=Cousens, Henry|title= The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts|origyear= 1926|year= 1996|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |location= New Delhi|oclc = 37526233|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Foekema|first=Gerard|title=Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples|publisher=Abhinav|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7017-345-0|year=1996|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Foekema|first=Gerard|title=Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples|publisher=Abhinav|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7017-345-0|year=1996|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Foekema|first=Gerard |title= Architecture decorated with architecture: Later medieval temples of Karnataka, 1000–1300 AD|origyear=2003|year=2003|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd|location= New Delhi|id=ISBN 978-81-215-1089-9|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Foekema|first=Gerard |title= Architecture decorated with architecture: Later medieval temples of Karnataka, 1000–1300 AD|origyear=2003|year=2003|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd|location= New Delhi|isbn=978-81-215-1089-9|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hardy|first=Adam |title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation-The Karnata Dravida Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries|origyear=1995|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|location=|id=ISBN 978-81-7017-312-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hardy|first=Adam |title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation-The Karnata Dravida Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries|origyear=1995|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|location=|isbn=978-81-7017-312-0|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Houben|first= Jan E.M.|title= Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit language |origyear=1996|year= 1996|publisher= Brill|location= |isbn= 90-04-10613-8|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Houben|first= Jan E.M.|title= Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit language |origyear=1996|year= 1996|publisher= Brill|location= |isbn= 90-04-10613-8|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|title= A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present|origyear=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041 |lccn= 8095179|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|title= A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present|origyear=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041 |lccn= 8095179|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Karmarkar|first= A.P.|title= Cultural history of Karnataka: ancient and medieval|origyear=1947|year=1947|publisher= Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha|location= Dharwad|oclc= 8221605|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Karmarkar|first= A.P.|title= Cultural history of Karnataka: ancient and medieval|origyear=1947|year=1947|publisher= Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha|location= Dharwad|oclc= 8221605|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Keay|first= John|title= India: A History|origyear=2000|year=2000|publisher= Grove Publications|location= New York|id=ISBN 978-0-8021-3797-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Keay|first= John|title= India: A History|origyear=2000|year=2000|publisher= Grove Publications|location= New York|isbn=978-0-8021-3797-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Michell|first=George|title= Pattadakal – Monumental Legacy|origyear=2002|year=2002|publisher=|location= Oxford University Press|id=ISBN 978-0-19-566057-9|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Michell|first=George|title= Pattadakal – Monumental Legacy|origyear=2002|year=2002|publisher=|location= Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566057-9|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Moraes|first=George M. |title= The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka|origyear=1931|year= 1990|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi, Madras|id=ISBN 978-81-206-0595-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Moraes|first=George M. |title= The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka|origyear=1931|year= 1990|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi, Madras|isbn=978-81-206-0595-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Mugali|first= R.S.|title= History of Kannada literature|origyear=1975|year=1975|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|oclc=2492406|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Mugali|first= R.S.|title= History of Kannada literature|origyear=1975|year=1975|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|oclc=2492406|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Narasimhacharya|first= R|title= History of Kannada Literature|origyear=1988|year=1988|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi, Madras|id=ISBN 978-81-206-0303-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Narasimhacharya|first= R|title= History of Kannada Literature|origyear=1988|year=1988|publisher= Asian Educational Services|location= New Delhi, Madras|isbn=978-81-206-0303-5|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Ramesh|first= K.V.|title= Chalukyas of Vatapi|year=1984|publisher= Agam Kala Prakashan|location= Delhi|id=ISBN 3987-10333 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Ramesh|first= K.V.|title= Chalukyas of Vatapi|year=1984|publisher= Agam Kala Prakashan|location= Delhi|id=ISBN 3987-10333 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Sastri|first= Nilakanta K.A.|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|origyear=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|id=ISBN 978-0-19-560686-7|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Sastri|first= Nilakanta K.A.|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|origyear=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-560686-7|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Sen|first= Sailendra Nath |title= Ancient Indian History and Civilization|year=|publisher= New Age Publishers|location=|isbn=81-224-1198-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Sen|first= Sailendra Nath |title= Ancient Indian History and Civilization|year=|publisher= New Age Publishers|location=|isbn=81-224-1198-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Thapar|first= Romila|title= The Penguin History of Early India|origyear=2003|year= 2003|publisher= Penguin Books|location= New Delhi|id=ISBN 978-0-14-302989-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Thapar|first= Romila|title= The Penguin History of Early India|origyear=2003|year= 2003|publisher= Penguin Books|location= New Delhi|isbn=978-0-14-302989-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Vaidya|first= C.V|title= History of Mediaeval Hindu India (Being a History of India from 600 to 1200 A.D.)|year=|publisher= Oriental Book Supply Agency|location= Poona|oclc= 6814734 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Vaidya|first= C.V|title= History of Mediaeval Hindu India (Being a History of India from 600 to 1200 A.D.)|year=|publisher= Oriental Book Supply Agency|location= Poona|oclc= 6814734 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Various|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol 2|origyear=1988|year=1988|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-1194-7|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last= Various|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol 2|origyear=1988|year=1988|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-1194-7|ref=harv}}

Verzija na datum 19 februar 2014 u 15:49

ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ರಾಜವಂಶ
Chalukya dynasty
Carstvo
(vazal dinastije Kadamba do 543)
?
543–753 ?
 
?
Položaj Dinastije Čalukja
Položaj Dinastije Čalukja
Opseg Badami Chalukya Cartsva 636 740
Glavni grad Badami
Jezik/ci Kannada
sanskrit
Religija hinduizam
džainizam
Vlast Monarhija
Maharadža
 - 543–566 Pulakesi I
 - 746–753 Kirtivarman II
Historija
 - Najraniji spomen 543
 - Uspostava
 - Prestanak

'Dinastija Chalukya (engleski: Chalukya dynasty; kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು; fonetski:tʃaːɭukjə) je bila indijska vladarska dinastija koja je vladala velikim dijelom južne i centralne Indije od 6. do 12. vijeka. U tom periodu su Čalukje vladali kao tri srodne, ali zasebne dinastije. Nastarija dinastija, poznata kao "Badami Čalukje", vladala je iz Vatapija (današnji Badami) od sredine 6. vijeka. Badami Čalukje su se nametnuli kao nezavisni vladari nakon propasti kraljevstva Kadamba kraljevstva iz Banavasija te brzo postali velika sila pod vladavinom Pulakesija II. Nakon njegove smrti Istočne Čalukje su postale nezavisno kraljevstvo u istočnom Dekanu. Oni su vladali iz Vengija do oko 11. vijeka. U zapadnom Dekanu je uspon Raštrakuta sredinom 8. vijeka je označio opadanje Čalukja iz Badamija prije nego što su njihovu moć u 10. vijeku obnovili potomci - Zapadne Čalukje. Oni su vladali iz Kalyanija (moderni Basavakalyan) do kraja 12. vijeka.

Vladavina Čalukja predstavlja važan period historije Južne Indije, te se smatra zlatnim dobom u historiji Karnatake. Tada se politička atmosfera Južne Indije zahvaljujući Čalukjama promijenila od manjih kraljevstava prema velikim carstvima. Prvi put je južnoindijska država preuzela vlast i konsolidirala cijelu oblast između rijeka Kaveri i Narmada. Uspon ovog carstva je označio nastanak efikasne uprave, prekomorske trgovine i razvoj novog stila arhitekture koji je po njemu dobio ima "Čalukjanska arhitektura"". Kannada književnost, koja je u 9. vijeku uživala kraljevsku podršku na dvoru Raštrakuta je kasnije pronašla pokrovitelje i u Zapadnim Čalukjama i to u džainskoj i and Veerashaiva tradicijia. U 11. vijeku je, pak, nastala telugu književnost pod pokroviteljstvom Istočnih Čalukja.


Fusnote

Izvori

Knjige

  • Chopra, P.N.; Ravindran, T.K.; Subrahmanian, N (2003) [2003]. History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 1. New Delhi: Chand Publications. ISBN 978-81-219-0153-6. 
  • Cousens, Henry (1996) [1926]. The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. OCLC 37526233. 
  • Foekema, Gerard (1996). Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples. New Delhi: Abhinav. ISBN 81-7017-345-0. 
  • Foekema, Gerard (2003) [2003]. Architecture decorated with architecture: Later medieval temples of Karnataka, 1000–1300 AD. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-215-1089-9. 
  • Hardy, Adam (1995) [1995]. Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation-The Karnata Dravida Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-312-0. 
  • Houben, Jan E.M. (1996) [1996]. Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit language. Brill. ISBN 90-04-10613-8. 
  • Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [1980]. A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. LCCN 8095179. OCLC 7796041. 
  • Karmarkar, A.P. (1947) [1947]. Cultural history of Karnataka: ancient and medieval. Dharwad: Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha. OCLC 8221605. 
  • Keay, John (2000) [2000]. India: A History. New York: Grove Publications. ISBN 978-0-8021-3797-5. 
  • Michell, George (2002) [2002]. Pattadakal – Monumental Legacy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-566057-9. 
  • Moraes, George M. (1990) [1931]. The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0595-4. 
  • Mugali, R.S. (1975) [1975]. History of Kannada literature. Sahitya Akademi. OCLC 2492406. 
  • Narasimhacharya, R (1988) [1988]. History of Kannada Literature. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0303-5. 
  • Ramesh, K.V. (1984). Chalukyas of Vatapi. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan. ISBN 3987-10333. 
  • Sastri, Nilakanta K.A. (2002) [1955]. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-560686-7. 
  • Sen, Sailendra Nath. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age Publishers. ISBN 81-224-1198-3. 
  • Thapar, Romila (2003) [2003]. The Penguin History of Early India. New Delhi: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-302989-2. 
  • Vaidya, C.V. History of Mediaeval Hindu India (Being a History of India from 600 to 1200 A.D.). Poona: Oriental Book Supply Agency. OCLC 6814734. 
  • Various (1988) [1988]. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol 2. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 81-260-1194-7. 

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Izvor: https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Čalukja&oldid=1805583