Historija Irske (800–1169)

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Historija Irske od 800. do 1169. godine predstavlja period koji je započeo prvim vikinškim napadima na obale Irske, a završio invazijom normanskih vitezova. 9. i 10. vijek su Irskoj su karakterizirali sve učestaliji vikinški napadi, ali i postepeno stvaranje nordijskijh naselja od kojih će nastati Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Cork i Limerick - prva naselja gradskog tipa u Irskoj.

Irska se u to vrijeme sastojala od brojnih malih kraljevstava, plemena i sličnih političkih entiteta (túatha), mada su postojali brojni pokušaji da se cijelom otoku nametne vlast jednog vladara ili klana. U prva dva vijeka tog perioda se to odražavalo kroz borbu za mjesto velikog kralja Irske, gdje su se izmjenjivali pripadnici zavađenog sjevernog i južnog ogranka klana Uí Néill. Ta je funkcija, međutim, često bila ceremonijalne prirode - vladar najbliži tome da postane de facto kralj ujedinjene Irske bio je Brian Boru, prvi veliki kralj koji nije pripadao klanu Uí Néill.

Brianova smrt u bitci kod Clontarfa 1014. je vratila Irsku natrag u stanje borbe klanova za vlast, koja je samo postala još složenijom. Brianovi nasljednici nisu uspjeli nametnuti niti održati svoj autoritet, a stalne razmirice irskih klanova su s vremenom privukle pažnju normanskih feudalaca iz susjedne Engleske željnih novih zemalja. To je dovelo do invazije koju su 1169. vodili Normani na čelu s Richardom de Clareom.

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Literatura
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